比較分析比亞迪與特斯拉解讀全球電動車產業的崛起與挑戰

Comparing BYD and Tesla to Decipher the Rise and Challenges of the Global EV Industry

隨著全球對環境保護與永續發展的重視，電動車逐漸成為國際經濟與產業轉型的焦點，然而在地緣政治衝突日益加劇的背景下，不僅中國，全球電動車產業整體亦正面臨前所未有的挑戰。本研究以比亞迪與特斯拉為核心案例，探討全球電動車產業由政策驅動逐步轉向市場驅動過程中的變異。研究亦引入破壞性創新理論，分析特斯與拉比亞迪早期如何從邊緣市場切入，藉由技術創新或價格優勢顛覆了既有的成熟產業結構。
透過比較分析，本研究進一步揭示各國經貿政策與創新路徑如何交織，形塑企業在全球電動車價值鏈中的戰略位置。在當前地緣政治高度不確定的情勢下，電動車產業的未來發展將同時受到能源結構、環境永續與國際貿易政策等多重因素的制約。比亞迪與特斯拉的比較，不僅展現兩種截然不同的發展與創新模式，更折射出全球電動車產業於轉型過程中所面臨的結構性挑戰與潛在機遇。

With the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a focal point of international economic and industrial transformation. However, amidst intensifying geopolitical conflicts, the global electric vehicle industry, not only in China but also globally, faces unprecedented challenges. This study, focusing on BYD and Tesla, explores the shift in the global EV industry from a policy-driven to a market-driven one. The study also incorporates the theory of disruptive innovation to analyze how Tesla and BYD initially entered the market from niche segments and disrupted established industry structures through technological innovation or price advantages.
Through comparative analysis, this study further reveals how the trade and economic policies of various countries intertwine with their innovation pathways to shape the strategic positions of enterprises within the global EV value chain. In the current highly uncertain geopolitical landscape, the future development of the EV industry will be constrained by multiple factors, including energy structure, environmental sustainability, and international trade policies. The comparison between BYD and Tesla not only highlights two fundamentally different development and innovation models but also reflects the structural challenges and potential opportunities faced by the global EV industry during its transformation process.