家庭內部非對稱型性行為的刑法定性

在現代刑法教義學視域下，“迫使”要件的規範本質在於對被害人意志自由的實質性壓制。然而，受傳統倫理觀念的影響，司法實踐對家庭場域內的非對稱型性行為普遍採取否定性的評價範式，甚至出現以結論反推要件的逆向論證邏輯。即先驗性地認定行為違背婦女意志，進而倒推該行為滿足“迫使”要件。這種將家庭內外非對稱型性行為人為割裂的二元判斷標準，不僅消解了構成要件的教義學純粹性，還不當壓縮了負有照護職責人員性侵罪的適用空間。為實現強姦罪構成要件的統一適用，應當通過以下路徑實現規範重構:其一，將利用特殊身份實施的行為嚴格限定於與顯性強制具有等價性的意志壓制行為;其二，建立以結構性弱勢地位為核心的孤立無援狀態類型化認定模型。

In the context of modern criminal law doctrine, the normative essence of the“coercion”element lies in the substantial suppression of the victim's freedom of will. However, influenced by traditional ethical conceptions, judicial practice has often adopted a negative evaluative paradigm toward asymmetrical sexual conduct within the family sphere, sometimes even resorting to reverse reasoning that infers elements from the conclusion. That is, it is a priori determined that the act is against the woman’s will, and then it is inferred retroactively that the act meets the“coercion”element. This artificial bifurcation between intra-family and extra-family asymmetrical sexual conduct undermines the doctrinal purity of the constituent elements and improperly narrows the scope of application for sexual assault offenses committed by caregivers or persons in a position of trust. To achieve a unified application of the elements constituting the crime of rape, a normative reconstruction should be pursued through the following approaches: first, strictly limiting acts carried out by persons with special status to those that involve a suppression of will equivalent to explicit coercion; second, establishing a typological model of isolated and helpless situations centered on the victim’s structurally disadvantaged position.