當政治體制成為轉轍器：西方策略溝通概念在威權國家的本土發展與分歧

When Political System Becomes a Switch: The Concept of Western Strategic Communication of Local Developments and Differences in Authoritarian Countries

當前各國的策略溝通槪念均是受到美國經驗的啓發，但囿於不同政治體制，威權與民主國家在實務上，還會因國際處境、戰略需求及歷史經驗的影響，形構出迥異的樣貌。本文首先梳理了美國策略溝通典範的發展歷程，做為理解共同槪念的線索，接著理淸威權國家的本土化內涵，指出訊息戰、輿論戰分別是俄羅斯及中國對策略溝通的槪念化。最後，針對威權國家的溝通實踐特徵進行解構，探索其和歐美中心論在策略、時間、受眾及權力維度上的分歧。

The current concept of strategic communications is undoubtedly inspired by the US. However, democratic and authoritarian countries are different in practice due to the influence of global environment, strategic needs and historical experience. This paper sorts out the development of strategic communications paradigm in the US. as a clue to understand the shared concept. The exploration of localization of China and Russia points out information warfare and public opinion warfare are conceptualizations of strategic communications. Finally, the deconstruction of the characteristics of authoritarian state communication practices finds that they emphasize authority-driven, effect-based and information confrontation. The contradictions between the authoritarian and democratic states are aggression or defense; false opacity or true transparency; seeking control or dialogue; triggering illusions or fact-based emotions. These differences are reflected in strategy, timing, audience, and power, including not rejecting unethical measures, allowing unplanned short-term actions, prioritizing internal resonance in external messages and centering on senders.