教育的未來導向與課綱改革芻議

Future-oriented Education and the Implications for the Reform of Curriculum Guidelines for Primary and Secondary Education

過去三十多年來，全球在政治、經濟、文化、社會等方面的變遷不僅明顯，也有加劇加速的傾向，引起各界關注。愈來愈多元且複雜的全球化現象，以及科技進步帶來生活與工作方式的改變，使得未來變得愈來愈複雜、模糊、不確定，而且也難以預測。在此脈絡下，對教育未來導向的關注，持續受到各國際組織的重視。本文旨在分析四個關心教育的國際組織之重要政策文件，包括聯合國教科文組織（UNESCO）、歐盟（European Commission, EC）、世界經濟論壇（World Economic Forum, WEF）、經濟合作暨發展組織（Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD）等，歸納其對未來導向教育的理念與重點。根據本文分析，可以歸納出未來導向教育的幾個重要概念與趨勢：第一、教育是邁向未來社會所需的重要社會契約願景；第二、教育與學校需被理解為以學習為中心的生態系統；第三、學科知能依然重要，尤其是核心科目仍是重要的基礎；第四、不只是學生為中心，更強調作為能探索的主動學習者；第五、延續核心素養精神，更強調透過轉化型素養探索未來；第六、邁向未來教育，創新的課程與教學要能支持主動學習。基於前述分析，本文進一步檢視我國中小學課程綱要，再據以提出未來課綱改革的六點建議，以做為未來教育改革與政策規劃的參考。

Over the last several decades, changes in many aspects such as social, economic, cultural, and politics have seen dramatic changes. Globalization have become increasingly diverse and complicated. Furthermore, advances in technology also leads to continuous changes in life and work. As a result, future become complex, ambiguous, uncertain, and unpredictable. In response, it has been highlighted on the policy agendas by many international organizations to address the role of education for the future. This paper aims to analyze main documentary papers by four main international organizations including UNESCO, EC, WEF and OECD, and, draw on these analyses, key implications for education reform are proposed. First, education is seen as a key social contact for the future. Second, education and school could be reconceptualized as an eco-system with learning as a core. Third, subject knowledges still play key roles as core foundations for future learning. Fourth, not just studentcentered, but also student agency and co-agency are addressed. Fifth, in addition to key competencies, transformative competencies are highlighted for students to navigate the future. Sixth, innovative curriculum and pedagogies should be encouraged for supporting learning of the future. Based on the above concepts, six main policy implementations are proposed by the end of this paper.