歐盟貿易政策轉變之研究

A Study on the Transformation of the European Union's Trade Policy

地緣政治的貿易爭端、英國脫歐談判、全球新冠肺炎疫情、俄烏戰爭與逐漸升高的地緣政治緊張情勢，都造成歐盟貿易政策面臨嚴峻的壓力，因此歐盟執委會也開始改革貿易政策，尤其是在2021年時提出一個名為「開放、永續與果斷的貿易政策」，並持續認為自由貿易和以規則為基礎的貿易制度是目前挑戰的最佳解決方案。歐盟是全球的一個強大和有競爭力的經濟體，在世較貿易組織的話語權與規範制定權是不容忽視的，本文將探討在何種外在情境衝擊下，使歐盟轉變其貿易政策，特別是納入產業政策，以因應全球地緣經濟的轉變。深入瞭解歐盟貿易政策的轉變，有助於貿易夥伴因應歐盟新的貿易政策，特別是台灣與歐盟的貿易關係發展上。

Trade disputes, Brexit, COVID-19, the Russo-Ukrainian War and increasing geopolitical tensions have generated severe challenges to the trade policy of the European Union. Correspondingly, the European Commission launched reforms in trade policy and in 2021, introduced a new trade policy based on openness, sustainability and assertiveness. The European Commission highlights free trade and the rule-based trade system as the best solutions in the face of current challenges. The fact that the EU is a strong and competitive economic entity suggests that its discourse and power to establish norms within the World Trade Organization cannot be ignored. This article examines the scenarios that may generate shifts in trade policy by the EU, particularly with considerations to the inclusion of industrial policies in response to changes in global geoeconomics. By understanding the shifts in EU trade policy, one can better understand the response of partner states, which includes the development of Taiwan-EU relations.