受人際創傷影響個體對情緒臉孔的注意力偏誤：依戀的預測力

Attentional Biases toward Emotional Faces in Individuals Impacted by Interpersonal Traumas in Taiwan: The Contribution of Attachment

個體遭逢創傷後，其依戀基模可能會扭曲社會認知，影響注意力偏誤，而此注意力偏誤會隨著不同的刺激呈現時間而變動。相較於經歷非人際創傷者，經歷人際創傷者受到不安全依戀的影響，更容易出現創傷相關訊息的注意力處理偏誤。本研究目的即為探究暴露於人際創傷的個體是否會表現出變異較大的情緒臉孔注意力偏誤，以及依戀在情緒臉孔注意力偏誤上的角色。研究參與者為46名人際創傷倖存者和46名年齡／性別匹配的非人際創傷倖存者，研究設計上先評估參與者的創傷事件和不安全依戀傾向，接著進行點探測作業，分別在威脅與中性促發情境下評估參與者在200和2,000毫秒的刺激呈現時間下的情緒臉孔注意力偏誤。研究結果顯示，注意力偏誤沒有顯著組間差異，但跨不同促發情境下，相較於非人際創傷倖存者，人際創傷倖存者對2,000毫秒之憤怒情緒臉孔的注意力偏誤傾向略小。此外，人際創傷倖存者的焦慮依戀傾向可顯著預測此憤怒情緒臉孔注意力偏誤。本研究顯示不安全依戀傾向可能會讓暴露於人際創傷的個體對情緒臉孔產生注意力偏誤。據此，建議未來更多研究來檢驗此可能性，而重建健康的依戀關係或有利於人際創傷的治療與復原。

Attachment schemas may distort social cognition, including attentional biases, after exposure to trauma. Such an attention bias may fluctuate over different presentation times in trauma survivors. Through the influence of attachment insecurity, bias in attentional processing of trauma-related information would be more likely to manifest in individuals exposed to interpersonal trauma than in impersonal trauma-exposed individuals. This study investigated the role of attachment in the attentional processing of emotional faces and whether individuals exposed to interpersonal trauma exhibit greater dynamic attentional processing of emotional faces. Forty-six survivors of interpersonal trauma and 46 age and gender-matched survivors of impersonal trauma were evaluated for their traumatic events and attachment insecurity, followed by a dot probe task with threatening and neutral priming conditions at durations of 200 and 2,000 milliseconds to estimate their attentional biases toward emotional faces. Results showed no significant group differences in attentional biases, but interpersonal trauma survivors displayed a smaller attentional bias than non-interpersonal trauma survivors toward anger faces at 2,000 ms. Additionally, attachment anxiety significantly predicted attentional bias toward angry faces at 2,000 ms in the interpersonal trauma group. The findings indicated that insecure attachment may contribute to attentional biases toward emotional faces among individuals exposed to interpersonal trauma and suggested the importance of more future research to verify the pattern. Rebuilding healthy attachment may be beneficial for interpersonal trauma intervention.