執行功能、不專注與過動／衝動特質、網路成癮與睡眠問題之關聯性研究

A Correlational Study of Executive Functions, Inattentive and Hyperactive/Impulsive Characteristics, Internet Addiction and Sleep Problems

研究背景與目的：執行功能為高階的多元認知系統，近年被認為與健康相關的行為或結果息息相關，同時其缺損亦為注意力不足過動症（ADHD）的主要病因之一。過去研究指出ADHD症狀為網路成癮的危險因子，並且過度使用網路亦與睡眠問題有關。然目前尚未有整合上述變項之研究，故本研究旨在探討成年早期的執行功能、不專注與過動／衝動傾向特徵於網路成癮、睡眠問題之間的關聯，以及其中潛在的中介模式。方法：研究利用繁體中文版成人執行功能量表（TC-ADEXI）、大學生注意力缺失／過動疾患反應評估量表學生自陳量表繁體中文版（C-CARE-SRI）、網路成癮量表（CIAS）、中文版匹茲堡睡眠品質量表中文版（CPSQI），並以297位20 ~ 25歲成年早期個體作為研究對象。結果：(1)執行功能、不專注與過動／衝動傾向特徵、網路成癮、睡眠問題之間具有顯著關聯性；(2)執行功能會透過不專注與過動／衝動傾向特徵來影響網路成癮；(3)執行功能會依序藉由不專注與過動／衝動傾向特徵、網路成癮來影響睡眠相關的日間失功能，序列中介模式顯著。結論：本研究支持執行功能對健康相關的行為或結果有重要的影響力，如網路使用、日間嗜睡。建議未來研究加入客觀睡眠測量工具、納入社會心理因素，並以長期追蹤的方式來深入了解其中的關聯。

Background and purpose: Executive functions are an advanced multiple cognitive system. Recently, it has been considered to play a crucial role in health-related behaviors or consequences. Moreover, the primary etiology of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the impairment of executive functions. Previous studies have indicated that symptoms of ADHD could become risk factors for Internet addiction. Also, overuse of the Internet significantly correlated with poorer sleep. However, none of the researchers have thoroughly integrated these variables into a mediation model before. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive tendency characteristics and executive functions among young adults, identifying or discovering the potential influence of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive tendency characteristics and executive functions on Internet addiction and sleep problems. Furthermore, the study aims to probe into the mediation model among these variables. Methods: This study utilizes the Traditional Chinese Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (TC-ADEXI), the Chinese College ADHD Response Evaluation Student Response Inventory (C-CARE-SRI), the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), and the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) to assess 297 subjects between 20-25 years old. Results: (1) With regard to executive functions, bivariate correlations were found to all three variables mentioned above. (2) In addition, inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive tendency characteristics were shown to mediate the relationship between executive functions and Internet addiction. (3) As for the relationship between executive functions and sleep-related daytime dysfunctions, inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive tendency characteristics and Internet addiction were found to fully mediate it in a serial causal order. Conclusion: It is suggested that executive functions have influences on health-related behaviors or consequences, although the mediating effect among them still warrants further study. It is recommended to include objective assessments of sleep, and incorporate social psychological factors into the mediation model, to longitudinally investigate the overall effect on the health of young adulthood.