探討職能治療於毒品戒癮處遇之角色－－MOHO模式應用

Exploring the Role of Occupational Therapy in Drug Addiction Treatment: Application of the MOHO Model

毒品成癮是全球公共衛生與社會福利領域的重要挑戰，其對個人的身心健康、家庭關係及社會穩定造成深遠影響。傳統的戒癮處遇如藥物替代療法及監禁式措施，雖能部分控制生理與心理成癮，卻常忽略生活功能與社會角色的重建，增加復發風險。本研究基於毒品成癮者的多層次需求，探討職能治療在毒品戒癮處遇中的角色，特別是人類職能模式（MOHO）的應用，強調透過日常活動參與與功能恢復促進心理健康、社會適應及穩定復歸的價値。過去研究亦指出，職能治療能有效結合心理輔導與工作技能訓練，幫助成癮者重建生活結構、提升自我效能感及減少復發風險，顯示其在戒癮處遇中的可行性與價値。然而，現行戒癮體系在臺灣仍面臨職能治療專業人力短缺、跨專業合作不足及處遇資源分配不均等挑戰，影響處遇成效。本研究之結論建議未來應加強職能治療師的戒癮相關專業培訓，推動多元整合的跨專業合作模式，並強化實證研究，以提升政策與實務的科學依據，從而促進毒品戒癮多元處遇的品質與效能，為成癮者的全面復原提供更加全面的協助與支持。

Drug addiction poses a significant challenge to the fields of global public health and social welfare, profoundly affecting individuals’physical and mental health, family relationships, and social stability. Traditional addiction treatments, such as substitution therapy and incarcerationbased approaches, can partially address physiological and psychological dependence but often neglect the restoration of daily functioning and social roles, increasing the risk of relapse. This study explores the role of occupational therapy in drug addiction treatment, focusing on the application of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). It emphasizes the value of promoting mental health, social adaptation, and stable reintegration through daily activity participation and functional recovery. Previous studies have highlighted that occupational therapy effectively integrates psychological counseling and work skills training, helping individuals rebuild daily routines, enhance self-efficacy, and reduce relapse risk, demonstrating its feasibility and value in addiction treatment. However, Taiwan’s current addiction treatment system faces challenges such as a shortage of occupational therapy professionals, insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration, and uneven distribution of resources, which affect treatment outcomes. The conclusion of this study recommends strengthening addiction-related professional training for occupational therapists, promoting multi-faceted and interdisciplinary collaboration models, and enhancing evidence-based research to provide a scientific foundation for policies and practices. These measures aim to improve the quality and effectiveness of drug addiction treatment and offer comprehensive support for the holistic recovery of individuals with addiction issues.