「新」「小」婦人：翻譯奧爾珂特的《小婦人》與臺灣女性主義運動

Chinese Translations of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women and Feminist Movements in Taiwan

美國作家奧爾珂特（Louisa May Alcott）於1868年發表了Little Women，故事以南北戰爭為背景，描述瑪楚（March）一家四姊妹經歷的歡笑和淚水。自這部小說出版以來，臺灣至今仍不斷有譯者重譯此作。2019年，適逢原著出版150週年，各出版社更是爭相出版新譯作，足見其歷久彌新的文學價值。本文以易文─佐哈爾（Itamar Even-Zohar）提出的複系統理論為基礎，並借勒菲弗（AndréLefevere）的翻譯理論比較並分析這部小說在臺灣出版的主要中譯本，包括1963年由林文月改寫翻譯，東方出版社發行的譯本，以及二十世紀九○年代的譯作，並提出不同譯作先後出版的歷程見證了臺灣的女性主義運動，而譯作與原著之差異，反映了女性主義思潮的發展歷程，尤其是在同志議題浮現之後的內部矛盾，體現翻譯與社會運動之間密不可分的關係。

Translators witness the contemporary progress of social movements. This essay demonstrates the argument by contextualizing Chinese translations of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women in the history of feminist movements in Taiwan. Depicting a typical American family of the Civil War era with Little Women, Alcott vividly portrays the March sisters and their bittersweet lives in this literary masterpiece. The novel was released in 1868, and it has been translated into different Chinese versions in Taiwan since the 1960s. In 2019, several Chinese translations were concomitantly published to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the novel. By comparing and contrasting these translations, including Wen-yueh Lin’s translation published in 1963 by the Eastern Publishing, and those by different publishers during the 1990s in the light of Itamar Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory and AndréLefevere’s translation theory, the differences in these translations mirror not only the vicissitude of the feminist movements but also the emerging diversity of gay and lesbian identities since the 1990s in Taiwan.