營造業缺工與對策探討——從產業供需分析

The Labor Shortage and Countermeasures in Construction Industry: From the Demand-Supply Analysis

勞力短缺已為各國面臨的困境，營造業缺工現象尤趨嚴重。營造業人力不足造成公共工程流標或進度延宕等普遍性窘境，也讓實務界開始正視營造業缺工議題。由於營建業普遍被認為是工作環境不佳的行業、勞力投入意願低，故本研究為解決營造業缺工問題，除討論勞力需求漸增原因外，也將勞力短缺原因聚焦瞭解勞力投入之意願，才能更貼近瞭解實務上營造業缺工的原因。本研究為能推論營造業人力失衡（缺工）之原因與對策，一方面經文獻探討瞭解各國營造業缺工現況與解決方案，另一方面系統性且完整地檢視營造業缺工的原因，試從產業供需深入探討以全盤瞭解缺工可能的原因，以利未來提出可行的相關對策。本研究透過深度訪談20位受訪者，涵蓋產官學，其中以實務界的業者、基層工作者（領班及實作的師傅）為訪談重點。經由上述文獻整理以及相關產官學深度訪談，得出可能因應對策，並進一步提供實務經營及政府政策之建議。

Labor shortage is a global issue, with the construction industry being particularly affected. The lack of workforce in the construction industry leads to common problems such as failed public tenders and project delays, prompting attention to this issue. The construction industry is generally perceived as having poor working conditions, making it an unattractivefield for many. To address the labor shortage in the construction industry, this study not only discusses the reasons for the increasing demand for labor but also focuses on understanding the willingness of labor to participate. This approach aims to provide a more practical understanding of the reasons behind the labor shortage in the construction industry.
For a systematic and comprehensive examination of the causes of labor shortages, this study explores the issue from the demand-supply analysis. It considers the demand and supply sides of labors to fully understand the possible reasons for the labor shortage, thereby facilitating the pro-posal of feasible countermeasures. The study conducted in-depth interviews with twenty respon-dents, including representatives from industry, government, and academia, with a focus on practi-tioners and frontline workers (foremen and skilled workers). The conclusions identify the causes and countermeasures for the imbalance of labor shortage in the construction industry. Through literature review and in-depth interviews with experts and scholars, the study proposes possible responses and provides recommendations for industry operations and government policies.