邁向未來的共同體：論吳明益《海風酒店》的交換模式與自然倫理

Towards a Coming Community: Modes of Exchange and Ethics of Nature in Wu Ming-yi’s Sea Breeze Club

本文剖析吳明益《海風酒店》敘述的經濟生產和交換行為，探討交換模式的變遷如何塑造臺灣不同形態的社會結構及自然觀。受日本馬克思批評家柄谷行人在《世界史的結構》及《力與交換模式》建構的世界體系所啟發，本文提出《海風酒店》以臺灣花蓮為例，展示太魯閣族在部落、國家以及資本主導下不同社會階段的交換模式，即表現為「贈予－回禮」、「服從－保護」及至「貨幣－商品」的交換，並審視各交換模式與自然的動態關係。《海風酒店》以整體的視角觀察世界史結構，由此批評人類世下「資本－國族－國家」三位一體引致的生態危機，嘗試引出二十一世紀自然倫理的範式轉移。本文進一步指出，吳明益透過重構太魯閣族的巨人神話，找到在柄谷行人那裡止於原理的「交換模式D」──揚棄及超越交換模式A（國族）、B（國家）、C（資本）之力，從而邁向一個思考自然倫理觀念的未來共同體。

This study analyzes the economic production and exchange behaviors narrated in Wu Ming-yi’s novel Sea Breeze Club and explores how shifts in the modes of exchange have shaped different forms of social structures and perceptions of nature in Taiwan. Drawing from the framework developed by Kojin Karatani in The Structure of World History and Power and Modes of Exchange, this research examines how the novel, centered on Truku indigenous people in Hualien, depicts the shift of social structure and its relationship with nature—from tribal societies to the nation-state and global capitalism. Such transformation is engendered by corresponding changes in exchange modes, exemplified by exchanges of“gift and counter-gift,”“domination and protection,”and“money and commodities.”By adopting a holistic perspective on the structure of world history, the novel critiques the ecological crises resulting from the expansion of capital and conceives an alternative paradigm of ethics of nature as an exchange mode that challenges the trinity of“capital-nation- state”in the Anthropocene. Furthermore, I propose that Wu Ming-yi, through the reconstruction of the giant mythology of the Truku tribe, brings forth the power of“exchange mode D”beyond the confines of exchange modes A (nation), B (state), and C (capital), while envisioning a coming community in the twenty-first century.