機器心靈：圖靈與史匹柏的AI敘事

The Mechanical Mind: AI Narratives in Turing and Spielberg

本論文旨在探討機器心靈這個概念，藉以研究智能機器與有機生命之間微妙的相似之處和侷限。同時，藉由對比圖靈和史匹柏的文本討論，擴展人工智慧敘事的範疇。首先，本文探究英國著名數學家兼人工智慧之父圖靈的研究，以及他對心靈的機械觀點。尤其討論圖靈如何將計算機科學與哲學推理結合，並且如何運用溝通和學習的概念制定出獨特的人工智慧假說。除了霍奇斯撰寫的《艾倫‧圖靈傳》之外，圖靈深具影響力的論文〈運算機器與智能〉生動地呈現出他對人工智慧的遠見。再者，本文分析史匹柏的科幻電影《A.I.人工智慧》，藉以研究科幻敘事與人工智慧技術的交會。該電影中機器心靈的概念源自於不朽的皮諾丘童話故事，將人類的特質引入機器小孩的角色，包括情感、情緒和慾望。該片還探討了諸多觀點呈現人們面對人形機器人時的情緒反應，包括機器人恐懼症、恐怖谷理論，甚至複雜的機器人權議題。

This essay explores the concept of the mechanical mind to examine the subtle similarities and limitations between intelligent machines and organic life. It also broadens the scope of AI narratives by juxtaposing the textual discussions of Alan Turing’s essay and Steven Spielberg’s film. Firstly, the essay delves into the research work of Turing, the renowned British mathematician and father of AI, and his use of the mechanical perspective on the mind. It discusses how Turing connected computer science with philosophical reasoning, and how he employed concepts of communication and learning to formulate a unique hypothesis of artificial intelligence. In addition to Andrew Hodges’s biography Alan Turing: The Enigma, Turing’s influential essay“Computing Machinery and Intelligence”vividly illustrates his vision of artificial minds. Furthermore, the essay analyses Spielberg’s science fiction film A.I. Artificial Intelligence to examine the intersection of science fiction narratives with AI technology. The film’s portrayal of the mechanical mind draws from the timeless fairytale of Pinocchio and incorporates human characteristics into the robot child character, such as affects, emotions, and desires. The film also explores perspectives on human emotional reactions to humanoid robots, including robophobia, the uncanny valley theory, and even the complex issue of robot rights.