日治時期臺南市人口分布之空間意涵──以殖民地都市「居住分化」角度分析

Spatial meaning of Population Distribution in Tainan City under Japanese Colonial Rule: An Analysis from the Perspective of Urban“Residential Differentiation”in Colonial Urbanism

本文以國內研究較少提及之殖民地都市「居住分化」視角分析日治時期臺南市人口分布之空間意涵。日治初期臺灣人口集中於城外五條港區與其南側小西門出處附近，城內以「十字大街」為中心大致沿著至大東門方向呈西北－東南向分布；日本人人口分布則可見「十字大街」南側主核心區與東、北、西三個次核心分布。日治中期可見如同日治初期之臺灣人口分布帶；而日本人口最多與占比最高處呈現東北－西南走向之人口分布帶，與臺灣人口分布帶呈現交叉景象，且與都市計畫打造「臺南火車站－兒玉壽像圓環－臺南運河」之新政治經濟軸線相符。日治後期臺灣人口分布與前期相仿，人口成長主要以都市外圍區域為主，都市郊區化現象顯著；而此時日本人占比較高處同樣可見東北－西南向人口分布，城內日本人分布拓展至城外東側與南側，且以當時都市計畫開發重點區域之城南區人口增加最多。由本文分析可知，日治時期臺南市人口分布具有殖民地都市「居住分化」特徵，且日本人居住地之區位選擇與都市計畫開發之重點區域高度相關。

This study, from the perspective of“residential differentiation”, explores the spatial implications of population distribution in Tainan City during the Japanese colonial rule. The results show that during the early Japanese colonial rule, the Taiwanese population was mainly concentrated in the“Five Ports”and“Cross Street”areas, while the Japanese had one major residential core and three sub-cores. By the middle and late Japanese colonial rule, the distribution of Taiwanese and Japanese populations showed a cross-intersecting trend, and the areas with more Japanese population coincided with the key areas for urban rectification, showing that urban planning prioritized Japanese residential areas. In the late Japanese colonial rule, the Taiwanese population began to suburbanize, while the Japanese population distribution extended southward. Overall, the population distribution of Tainan City has the characteristics of“residential differentiation”in colonial cities.