試析北魏襲爵紛爭的文化情境與多元角力

The Cultural Context and Multiple Competition of the Disputes over Aristocratic Title Inheritance in the Northern Wei Dynasty

史料所見，漢魏六朝國家對於襲爵應當遵循嫡長繼承原則，存在較為一致的規範。對比之下，北魏爵位繼承的資格，具有鮮卑文化與華夏文化折衝的特色與複雜發展，且襲爵糾紛案件遠多於東晉南朝。本文以北魏襲爵資格變遷與爭襲案件處置為焦點，釐清前期（太和改革以前）與後期的襲爵原理變化，探究爭襲事件背後的婚姻、家庭情境，以及相互角力、影響朝廷判決的多元因素；並將襲爵紛爭回置於北魏歷史的發展脈絡，解釋諸多爵位爭襲事件可能涉及的政治社會背景與倫理、文化衝突，以及國家處置相關案件的方式特徵與變化軌跡。藉由深入剖析爭襲案件，更細緻地展現北魏胡漢文化互動下，政治社會的發展與特質。

Historical records show that during the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties periods, the state maintained relatively consistent regulations for the inheritance of aristocratic titles, following the principles of dishu system.153 In contrast, the qualifications and development of aristocratic title inheritance in the Northern Wei were marked by a unique interplay between Xianbei and Han cultures. Moreover, succession disputes were far more prevalent in the Northern Wei than in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. This article is focused on changes in the qualifications for aristocratic title succession and the handling of succession disputes in the Northern Wei, clarifying the shift in principles before and after the Taihe reforms. It explores the marriage and family contexts behind succession disputes, the dynamics of competition, and the multifaceted factors influencing judicial decisions. By situating the aristocratic title succession conflicts within the broader historical development of the Northern Wei, this study aims to explain the ethical, cultural, and political conflicts that underpinned many of these succession disputes, as well as the characteristics and transformations in the state’s rulings on succession claims.