從故事到真相：漢娜．鄂蘭與現代公民社會的事實危機

From Story to Truth: Hannah Arendt and the Fact-Crisis in Modern Civil Society

本文的出發點是，探討在重視「故事地位」與「深度歧見」的公民哲學論述當中，事實真相能夠具有何種位置，並嘗試透過鄂蘭的思想，為之提供既有啟發又頗具挑戰性的思路。筆者首先在「後真相」的背景下，分析了當代學者在客觀真理與認知問題上的分歧，從而對照鄂蘭對「理性真理」與「事實真理」（真相）的區分，並指出內在於民主政治自身的真相難題。進而筆者主張，鄂蘭將講述真相界定為一種具有獨立性的「說故事」，並由此引發了兩個重要區分，一個是區分了故事行動者與說故事者，另一個則是區分出真相講述有別於行動的製作特性。

This essay embarks on an examination of the theoretical position of factual truth within civil philosophy. It proposes a resolution drawn from the ideas of Hannah Arendt by firstly analyzing contemporary debates surrounding the notion of objective truth and underscoring the significance of Arendt’s differentiation between rational and factual truth. Secondly, a comparative exploration of Arendt’s early and late philosophies is undertaken, which demonstrates that her perspective, as outlined in“Truth and Politics,”hits upon a dilemma inherent within democracy. Thirdly, the essay posits that Arendt advocates for two divisions by which to safeguard an independent sphere for truth-telling beyond the realm of politics: one between story-actor and storyteller; another between truth-telling as action and truth-telling as fabrication. In conclusion, the argument posits that Arendt effectively demonstrates the political significance of truth and offers a pathway both inspiring and challenging for civil philosophy.