靈性領導、個人─組織契合與工作滿意度關係之研究：以某佛教團體為例

The Study on Relationships Among Spiritual Leadership, Personal-organization Fit and Job Satisfaction: Findings from a Buddhist Group

靈性領導理論將領導、靈性和個人的意義感聯繫在一起，領導者透過滿足追隨者對於獲得靈性存在、生命意義感等方面的需求，來實現靈性領導。從管理學的角度來看，靈性被運用到組織與領導時，其所強調的是管理面的實用價值。本研究關注者，對於本身即具備靈性本質的宗教組織，其被職工所知覺的靈性領導，是否同樣具備靈性領導的管理效益。本研究所調查分析的宗教團體，係以佛教思想做為組織內部靈性領導及型塑組織文化的核心，特別突顯出「宗教靈性」的一面。實證結果顯示，宗教團體的職工會因為靈性領導而提高工作滿意度。然而，職工的個人──組織契合與靈性領導之間並未產生調節效果，未能進一步提高工作滿意度。宗教團體的宗教價值觀強大，靈性領導可以強化職工扶助世人的信仰，但在經營上，仍需強調組織管理，提高職工個人與組織之間在管理價值一致的契合度。就組織長遠發展論，應建立經營管理的價值觀，讓職工瞭解組織長遠目標，發揮補充性契合。從而，透過宗教靈性的啟發，發揮出靈性領導的交乘效果，提高職工的正向態度與工作表現。

The theory of spiritual leadership connects leadership, spirituality, and individual meaning, allowing leaders to achieve spiritual leadership by fulfilling followers’needs for spiritual existence and a sense of life meaning. From a management perspective, when spirituality is applied to organizations and leadership, it emphasizes the practical value in management aspects. The study focuses on whether perceived spiritual leadership within religious organizations, inherently possessing spiritual essence, yields similar managerial benefits of spiritual leadership as perceived by employees. The researched religious groups, rooted in Buddhist ideology, use internal spiritual leadership as a core to shape organizational culture, particularly highlighting the aspect of“religious spirituality.”Empirical results indicate that employees within religious organizations experience increased job satisfaction due to spiritual leadership. However, there was no moderating effect between employees’person-organization fit and spiritual leadership, failing to further enhance job satisfaction. While spiritual leadership within religious organizations strengthens employees’faith in helping others, there’s still a need to emphasize organizational management to enhance the alignment of individual and organizational values. Concerning the long-term development of organizations, it’s essential to establish a value system in management to help employees understand the organization’s long-term goals and foster supplementary fit. Through the inspiration of religious spirituality, leveraging the synergistic effects of spiritual leadership can enhance employees’positive attitudes and job performance.