當代儒學重構的方法與方向——以韓國為例

Methods and Directions of Modern Reconstructions of Confucianism—Focusing on the Case of Korea

〈拉普蘭儒學宣言〉對於把儒家思想重構為賢能主義和集體主義的思想依據，明確表示反對。與此相對，宣言注重儒家的本性論和修養論。宣言之所以會注重這一部分，是因為於他們而言，這些理論思想是建立自我（個人）作為道德實踐主體的基礎。在韓國也活潑地進行了儒敎重構討論，主要通過在以儒家思想為中心的傳統思想中發掘與現代價值相容的因素，對其進行重構，並在此基礎上主張它有抵達現代價值的內在潛力的方式展開。它探索的範圍不僅包括資本主義、個人主義、民主主義等現代價值，也包括女性主義、生態主義等後現代主義的價值。然而，他們也依靠文獻分析尋求的僅僅是把他們所尋求的普遍價值重構出來，而當代人的行為與經驗則不給予關注。尤其是對儒學的認同强烈但具有與中國區別的特徵的韓國人，需要能解釋他們的經驗和行爲的讀經方法。本文要探討內省的注意力如何能讓讀者在盡可能準確地掌握經文的意義的同時，發展出與自身可普遍化的經驗密切相關的更深層次的理解。如此一來，讀者就能在自己的經驗與經文的關聯中對經文感到更加熟悉，而經文也能為讀者當前的經驗提供解釋，並幫助他們對現實提出批判性的看法。

“Lapland Manifesto of Confucianism”is a clear rejection of the reconfiguration of Confucianism as an ideological basis for meritocracy and collectivism. In contrast, the manifesto focuses on Confucian theories of nature and cultivation, because these theories are the basis for establishing the self (individual) as the subject of moral practice. Discussions on the reconstruction of Confucianism have also been lively in Korea, mainly by discovering elements compatible with modern values in the Confucian tradition, reconstructing it, and on this basis, asserting its intrinsic potential to reach modern values. The range of their discussions includes not only modern values such as capitalism, individualism, and democracy, but also post-modernist values such as feminism and ecology.
However, they have also relied on analyzing the classics to try to reconstruct only the universal values they seek, paying no attention to contemporary behavior and experience. In particular, Koreans, who identify strongly with Confucianism but have characteristics that distinguish them from China, need ways of understanding Classics that can account for their experiences and behaviors. This paper examines how introspective attention allows readers to grasp the meaning of classics as accurately as possible while developing a deeper understanding that is closely related to their own generalizable experience. In this way, readers can become more familiar with the classics in relation to their own experience, and the classics can provide explanations for the readers' current experience and help them formulate a critical view of reality.