儒學在二十一世紀的現代相關性：關於〈拉普蘭儒學宣言〉的幾點思考

The Contemporary Relevance of Confucianism in the 21st CCentury: Some Reflections on the“Lapland Manifesto of Confucianism”

本文針對北歐漢學家高玉麒（Jyrki Kallio）、羅多弼（Torbjörn Lodén）與馬迪（Matti Nojonen），在二〇二一年所發表的〈拉普蘭儒學宣言〉，所涉及與「現代相關性」有關的問題提出回應。本文首先比較一九五八年四位「當代新儒家」所發表的〈為中國文化敬告世界人士宣言：我們對中國學術研究及中國文化與世界文化前途之共同認識〉，與二〇二一年三位北歐漢學家的〈宣言〉的異同，雙方所異者在於兩者（1）發表時代背景不同，（2）發言對象也有異；所同者在於（1）雙方皆高舉人文主義的大纛，（2）雙方皆持演化（evolving）之立場，將儒學視為活生生的傳統，而不是僵硬的意識形態。
本文接著提出〈拉普蘭儒學宣言〉所觸及的三個課題：（1）儒家的「自我」與「修身」問題；（2）儒家與民主的關係；（3）儒家的「現代相關性」問題。本文結論認為，〈拉普蘭儒學宣言〉在二〇二一年在北歐知識界的出現深具意義，不僅反映了在二十一世紀世局巨變的時代背景中，儒學所潛藏的歷萬古而常新的永恆價值；也反映了當代歐洲儒學研究者，對於儒學與世界之關係的新思考。

This article represents some reflections on the contemporary relevance of Confucianism as touched upon by the“Lapland Manifesto of Confucianism,”proclaimed by three Nordic Sinologists Jyrki Kallio, Torbjörn Lodén and Matti Nojonen in 2021. It sets forth a comparison between this Nordic Manifesto on Confucianism and the Manifesto on Chinese culture proclaimed by the four 20th-century New Confucian scholars in 1958. Moreover, this article discusses three issues touched upon by the Nordic Manifesto, namely, (a) the Confucian concepts of“self”and“self-cultivation,”(b) the relations between Confucianism and democracy and (c) the contemporary relevance of Confucianism. It concludes by indicating that in sync with the sea change in global geopolitical order in the 21st century, the Nordic Manifesto of Confucainism is timely and pertinent.