臺灣不同年齡族群24小時活動行為之時間使用模式

Time use patterns in 24-hour movement behaviors across different age groups in Taiwan

緒論：本研究目的在瞭解臺灣不同年齡族群的24小時活動行為模式，包括身體活動、靜態行為和睡眠，並探討各年齡族群達到24小時活動行為時間建議的比例。方法：參與者來自四個研究計畫（n = 707），涵蓋臺灣青少年（13-14歲）、青年（18-39歲）、中壯年（40-64歲）及高齡者（65歲及以上）不同年齡族群的三軸加速規資料。青少年每日螢幕靜態行為時間採用「臺灣青少年靜態行為問卷」測量。資料分析方法包括描述性統計、卡方檢定、單因子變異數分析及成分資料分析。結果：各年齡族群一天24小時靜態行為時間隨年齡增加而增加：青少年5.22小時、青年6.34小時、中壯年7.66小時、高齡者9.31小時。晚年花在中高強度的時間減少：青少年1.73小時、青年2.28小時、中壯年1.67小時、高齡者0.21小時。各年齡族群的睡眠時間相似：青少年7.08小時、青年7.47小時、中壯年6.83小時、高齡者7.19小時。一天24小時中，輕度身體活動佔據青少年的主要時間（36.3%），青年為睡眠（34.0%），中壯年與高齡者則是靜態行為（34.1%與45.6%）。達到三種活動行為時間建議的比例偏低：青少年5.3%、青年26.8%、中壯年19.0%、高齡者1.9%。結論：滿足全部24小時活動建議的比例偏低，且各年齡族群在24小時活動行為的時間使用模式也有差異，這突顯針對不同年齡族群發展適切介入措施的必要性。其中，對於即將邁向超高齡社會的臺灣而言，投入資源改善高齡族群身心健康尤為重要，因為他們達到各項建議指標的比例最低。

Introduction: This study aimed to understand the 24-hour movement patterns, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, of different age groups in Taiwan, and to explore the proportion of each age group meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines. Methods: Accelerometer data were collected from Taiwanese participants (n = 707) across four different age groups: adolescents (13–14 years), young adults (18–39 years), middle-aged adults (40–64 years) and older adults (≧65 years). The daily screen-based sedentary behavior time for the adolescents was assessed using the“Taiwan Adolescent Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire.”Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and compositional data analysis. Results: The time spent in sedentary behavior increased with age. For adolescents, it was 5.22 hours; for young adults, 6.34 hours; for middle-aged adults, 7.66 hours; and for older adults, 9.31 hours. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity decreased in later life. For adolescents, it was 1.73 hours; young adults, 2.28 hours; middle-aged adults, 1.67 hours; and older adults, 0.21 hours. Time spent sleeping was similar across the age groups: adolescents, 7.08 hours; young adults, 7.47 hours; middle-aged adults, 6.83 hours; and older adults, 7.19 hours. Among adolescents, light physical activity took up the greatest amount of time during the 24-hour period (36.3%), while in the case of young adults, this was sleep (34.0%), and for middle-aged and older adults, sedentary behavior (34.1% and 45.6%, respectively). The proportion meeting the recommendations for all three behaviors was low in each of the groups: adolescents 5.3%, young adults 26.8%, middle-aged adults 19.0%, and older adults 1.9%. Conclusion: The percentage of individuals meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines is low, but the time use patterns of 24-hour movement behaviors vary across the different age groups. This highlights the need for targeted interventions. As Taiwan approaches a super-aged society, it is particularly important to allocate resources to enhance the physical and mental health of older adults, who have the lowest compliance with the three recommended guidelines.