巴什拉的三重分析

Gaston Bachelard’s Threefold Analysis

本文以三重分析來稱呼巴什拉（Gaston Bachelard）的韻律分析（rythmanalyse）、場所分析（topo-analyse）、宇宙分析（cosmo-analyse），藉以闡述巴什拉的詩學方法，並勾勒其想像形上學的一個向度。「分析」一詞原本是以精神分析為方法模式，但巴什拉做出一種主體性的顛倒，保留其中的動力學思考，藉由想像與詩意象的使用釋放出具創造性的力量。韻律分析乃時間性上的瞬間與綿延的辯證，源自巴什拉早期對於柏格森（Henri Bergson）的批判，但瞬間的概念對於詩意象的獨特性及迴盪效果極為關鍵。場所分析則是意象空間性的現象學描述，融入動態想像和物質想像以揭露空間主體性的引導。宇宙分析可視為巴什拉詩學的晚年總結，標示出想像者參與並體現了宇宙或世界的生成動力，最終可點出想像主體的世界經驗具有宇宙性或世界性。三重分析指出巴什拉詩學中的時間性、空間性、宇宙性，以動態方式隱括入詩文中的各種細微差異，並帶出一種富有價值內涵的存有論。三重分析協助我們更清楚掌握巴什拉的想像形上學。

The threefold analysis in this paper designates Gaston Bachelard’s rhythmanalysis (rythmanalyse), topo-analysis (topo-analysis), and cosmo-analysis (cosmo-analyse) with a purpose to describe the poetic method and the metaphysics of imagination in Bachelard. The term analysis is originally in model of psychoanalysis for a method paradigm, but Bachelard makes an inversion of subjectivity, while keeping the dynamics in it, and releases its creative force by way of imagination and poetic image. The rhythmanalysis refers to the dialectics of instant and duration in temporal dimension. The main idea of rhythmanalysis comes from Bachelard’s critique of Henri Bergson, in which the concept of instant plays a key role in pointing out the singularity and the reverberation effect of poetic image. Topo-analysis is generally a phenomenological description of the spatiality of images, by fusing dynamic imagination and material imagination to reveal the leading factor of the subjectivity in space. Cosmo-analysis can be seen as the concluding phase of Bachelard’s poetics. It marks the genetic force in the world that the imagining subject shares and incorporates. Cosmo-analysis ultimately reveals the cosmicity as characteristic for the poetic experience of the imagining subject. The triple analysis describes the three dimensions in Bachelard’s poetics: temporality, spatiality, and cosmicity. Its dynamic accounting also implies all the nuances in poetic texts and brings out a singular ontology full of value of action. The threefold analysis helps us better catch the idea of the metaphysics of imagination sketched by Bachelard.