物流業者導入自動化技術的關鍵因素

The Key Factors Influencing the Adoption of Automation by Logistics Companies

近年來由於新冠疫情、海運塞港等重大事件，造成供應鏈斷鏈及勞動力短缺，再加上宅經濟所帶動的物流配送需求成長，為了提升整體服務能力，許多物流業者開始進行自動化方案的投資，而本研究目的即在探討物流業者導入自動化技術之關鍵因素。
本研究藉由文獻探討，找出影響物流業者導入自動化技術之關鍵因素，得到具有五個關鍵構面與22個關鍵因素之層級架構，並邀請服務於物流產業具自動化決策權力或經驗的管理者，進行專家問卷調查。接著使用層級分析法(AnalyticHierarchy Process, AHP)，依問卷結果，計算構面和因素整體權重，再加以排序與分析。本研究結果顯示，影響物流業者導入自動化技術之關鍵構面，依重要性排序分別為「工作流程」、「效益」、「設備」、「產業環境」、「組織」，而前四名關鍵因素分別為「流程整合」、「品質提升」、「倉儲生產力提升」、「設備商的服務能力」。
最後，本研究依問卷結果，針對物流業者及自動化設備商提出相關建議，希望能協助業者擬定未來物流自動化發展策略，以提升物流服務能力。

In recent years, due to major events such as the new crown epidemic and shipping port congestion, which have caused supply chain disruption and labor shortages, coupled with the growth of logistics and distribution demand driven by the stay-at-home economy, many logistics companies have begun to invest in automation solutions in order to improve their overall service capabilities. The purpose of this study is to explore the key factors for logistics companies to introduce automation technology. Through literature discussion, this study identified the key factors influencing the introduction of automation technology by logistics companies, obtained a hierarchical structure with 5 dimensions and 22 factors, and invited managers with automation decision-making power or experience in serving the logistics industry to conduct an expert questionnaire survey. Then, the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) was used to calculate the overall weights of the dimensions and factors according to the results of questionnaire. The results of this study show that the rank of importance of dimensions is“workflow”,“efficiency”,“equipment”,“industrial environment”and“organization”, while the top four important factors are“process integration”,“quality improvement”,“warehousing productivity improvement”and“service capability of equipment vendors”. Finally, based on the results of the questionnaire, this study proposes relevant suggestions for logistics companies and automation equipment manufacturers, hoping to assist them in formulating future logistics automation development strategies to improve logistics service capabilities.