江浙地區佛教的延續和轉變──以經懺佛事為中心（1949-1957）

The Continuity and Transformation of Buddhism in Jiangsu and Zhejiang: Centered on Buddhist Ritual Service (1949-1957)

1949年10月中國大陸政權鼎革，共產黨建立起新政府。為了維護穩定，政府發展多項政治、經濟、文化等運動，這些運動直接改變了佛教的生存環境。土地產權變革使寺院再不能依靠田租收入為生，「五反」運動以及隨後而來的所有制改造讓剛起步的僧尼生產事業陷入困頓，江浙僧團經濟條件發生較大變革。田租、布施、香火和生產所得受到衝擊，經懺佛事於僧團的經濟意義更為顯著。中共政權建立後七八年間，雖然佛教團體因種種社會運動受到改造，經懺佛事一直存而不絕。佛事成為僧團賴以為生的經濟助援，也是他們宗教實踐的重要形式。近現代歷史上，經懺佛事對僧尼和寺院的經濟意義以及對僧人修行的意義不容小覷。

In October 1949, the Communist Party established a new regime in mainland China. In order to maintain the stability of the regime, the government developed a number of political, economic, and cultural campaigns, which directly changed the living environment of Buddhists. Changes in land ownership made it impossible for monasteries to rely on income from field rents, and the Five-anti Campaign and the subsequent reform of the ownership system plunged the fledgling Sangha’s production efforts into a quagmire, resulting in major changes in the economic conditions of the monasteries in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions. While land rents, donations from lay Buddhists, incense and production income were under attack, the economic importance of the Buddhist ritual services for the monastic community became even more obvious. Although Buddhist organizations were subjected to transformations and controls through various social movements in the seven or eight years after the establishment of the Chinese Communist regime, Buddhist ritual service continued to exist and became an important form of religious practice for the Sangha, as well as a source of financial support for their livelihood. In modern history, the economic significance of the Buddhist ritual service to monks, nuns and monasteries, as well as its significance for their spiritual practice should not be underestimated.