俗講中的「入經說緣喻」與敦煌佛教講唱文學

The Ritual of“Rujing shuoyuanyu”in Popular Buddhist Preaching and Dunhuang Buddhist Performative Literature

唐五代佛教講經有一種以在家俗眾為對象的「俗講」，其流程中有「入經說緣喻」，本文旨在探討其意涵及其在講經文、變文、因緣等與俗講相涉的敦煌佛教講唱文學作品中的具體樣貌。
敦煌講經文中，除羽153V《妙法蓮華經講經文》和P. 2133V《金剛般若波羅蜜經講經文》有以因緣故事闡明經文、佛理外，其他S. 3872《維摩詰經講經文》、Ф252《維摩詰經講經文》、P. 3808《長興四年中興殿應聖節講經文》等則以許多的比喻來闡釋經文、佛理。至於變文和因緣，其中的《降魔變文》是講經僧為闡釋《金剛般若波羅蜜經》，以《御注金剛般若經》為基礎所說的因緣故事；《難陀出家緣起》則是為闡釋《佛說阿彌陀經》經文而講述的。

During the Tang and Five Dynasties, Buddhist preaching for the laity ofthe took the form of“sujiang”俗講, with one key procedure being“rujing shuoyuanyu”入經說緣喻. This paper explores the significance of this method and its manifestations in Dunhuang Buddhist“jiangchang”講唱literature, including“jiangjingwen”講經文,“bianwen”變文, and“yinyuan”因緣. While“rujing shuoyuanyu”is common in Buddhist preaching,“sujiang”emphasizes accessibility, using shuoyuan (cause-and-effect tales) and shuoyu (parables) to explain sutras.
In Dunhuang manuscripts, most“jiangjingwen”employ shuoyu, except for Miaofa Lianhua Jing Jiangjingwen妙法蓮華經講經文(Yu-153V) and Jingang Bore Boluomi Jing Jiangjingwen金剛般若波羅蜜經講經文(P. 2133V), which use shuoyuan. Weimojie jing Jiangjingwen維摩詰經講經文(S. 3872,Ф252) and Changxing Sinian Zhongxingdian Yingshengjie Jiangjingwen長興4年中興殿應聖節講經文(P. 3808) are notable examples. In“bianwen”and“yinyuan”, karmic stories like Xiangmo bianwen降魔變文and Nantuo Chujia Yuanqi難陀出家緣起help interpret sutras, drawing from texts like the Yuzhu Jingang Bore Jing御注金剛般若經and Foshuo Amituo Jing佛說阿彌陀經.