護理人員對潛伏結核感染認知、歧視、就醫態度與行為意向之探討

Cognition, Discrimination, Attitude, and Behaviors of Nursing Staff Towards Latent Tuberculosis Infection

結核病是台灣常見的傳染性疾病，而潛伏結核感染（LTBI）的治療是根除結核的重要策略，護理人員認知、態度和行為會間接影響到未來衛生政策的執行，因此藉由此橫斷式研究，經立意取樣臨床護理人員完成網路問卷，探討護理人員對於潛伏結核感染的認知、歧視、就醫態度與行為意向之相關性。共460名參與研究，曾接受LTBI篩檢有94人，8人接受過LTBI治療。對於LTBI治療的認知，護理人員於工作中每1-3個月照顧到結核病人者高於照顧頻率6個月以上者（p=.004）、自認有極高機率會被感染風險者（p=.048）、具負壓病房經驗（p=.018）、以及曾被列為肺結核接觸者的護理人員（p=.002），其認知程度較高。LTBI認知與歧視呈負相關（r=-.178, p=.000）。接受LTBI治療之行為意向與LTBI認知呈顯著性負相關（r=-.202, p=.000），與歧視（r=.442, p=.000）及就醫態度（r=.206, p=.000）為顯著性正相關。本研究之結果提供了解臨床護理人員對於LTBI認知之需求，以及歧視與態度對接受LTBI治療的影響，期能提供相關政策擬定與教育訓練規劃之參考，以提升護理人員接受LTBI治療之行為意向。

Tuberculosis is the most prevalent infectious disease in Taiwan, and addressing latent tuberculosis is a crucial strategy for eradicating the disease. The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nursing staff can indirectly influence the implementation of future health policies. Therefore, a cross-sectional study utilizing purposive sampling was conducted in which clinical nursing staff were recruited through an online questionnaire. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the knowledge, perceptions, treatment attitudes, and behavioral intentions of nursing staff regarding latent pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of 460 individuals participated in the study. Among participants, 94 (20.4%) had been screened for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 8 had received treatment for LTBI. The level of LTBI knowledge was higher among participants with a greater frequency of tuberculosis cases over 1–3 months than >6 months (p = 0.004), those who believe they have a very high chance of being infected (p = 0.048), those with experience in negative pressure wards (p = 0.018), and those who have contracted tuberculosis (p = 0.002). Knowledge of LTBI was negatively correlated with stigma (r = -0.178, p = 0.000). The intention to receive LTBI treatment was significantly negatively correlated with knowledge of LTBI (r = -0.202, p = 0.000) and stigma (r = 0.442, p = 0.000) and positively correlated with attitude toward medical treatment (r = 0.206, p = 0.000). The results of this study equip clinical nurses with knowledge about LTBI and the influence of discrimination and attitudes on the acceptance of LTBI treatment. The results are expected to serve as a reference for the formulation of relevant policies and the planning of education and training programs aimed at enhancing the intention of nurses to accept LTBI treatment.