司法護理在公平審判與生命安全上的人權價值與發展建議

Forensic Nursing: The Fairness Doctrine, Right to Safety in Life, and Development Recommendations

社會對婦幼暴力案件高度關注，民眾不僅要求司法嚴懲加害者，更密切監督審判程序，而不良的證據蒐集品質將直接影響當事人的權益及可能對嫌疑人裁判刑度過輕的傾斜。在婦幼、暴力與事故傷害等案件中，醫療處置存在雙重司法程序需求：一須即時保存原始證據以釐清責任歸屬，二須把握醫療介入前的黃金時間完成證據採集。例如昏迷者需要證據為他們說話，但現行制度缺乏系統性司法醫護服務，將導致證據數量與品質不足，不僅影響被害人權益，更可能造成對加害者量刑過輕的結構性傾斜。研究指出，司法護理能兼顧健康照護與證據保全，此雙重專業價值使其獲國際長期支持。2023年台灣護理學會推動司法護理培訓獲得熱烈迴響，顯見專業者的高度認同。然要建立專責制度仍面臨挑戰，需透過持續的公眾溝通、政策倡議與實證研究，形成「民眾需求—專業發展—政府支持」的良性循環。唯有建構完善的司法醫護體系，才能有效保障人民權益，實現社會正義的公平審判。

Public concern over violence against women and children is growing, with citizens demanding tougher punishments for offenders and closely monitoring court proceedings. Poor evidence collection not only undermines the rights of victims but also increases the risk of unduly light sentences for perpetrators. In cases involving women, children, violence, or accidental harm, hospitals face two urgent legal duties: to swiftly preserve original evidence to clarify accountability and to act before the narrow window for evidence collection closes due to medical intervention. For unconscious patients, despite the necessity of evidence speaking in their stead, Taiwan’s healthcare system lacks an integrated forensic nursing service, leading to insufficient and weak evidence. This is a chronic and systemic issue that erodes victim rights and contributes to lighter penalties for offenders. Forensic nursing offers a critical solution by uniting healthcare and evidence preservation under a model that is recognized and supported internationally. In 2023, the Taiwan Nurses Association launched a forensic nursing training initiative that has since gained strong support from nursing professionals. However, creating a fully dedicated forensic nursing system still faces policy and resource challenges. Achieving this goal requires sustained public engagement, multi-stakeholder advocacy, and data-driven policymaking to establish a virtuous cycle of public demand, professional capacity, and government support. A comprehensive forensic nursing system is essential to upholding citizen rights and ensuring justice for the vulnerable.