唐代吐蕃的親屬稱謂及親屬結構：以敦煌、西域古藏文文獻及吐蕃碑刻之載記為中心

Kinship Terms and Structures of Tibet during the Tang Period as Seen in Ancient Tibetan Documents and Inscriptions

本文擬採從歷史中建構文化的概念，由吐蕃時期或後吐蕃時期所遺留的古藏文文獻，包括敦煌、西域出土的古藏文文書及吐蕃碑刻等之載記中，找出最能突顯吐蕃文化特徵的親屬稱謂及親屬結構，並研究吐蕃親屬稱謂的用法與指涉的對象，以及親屬間彼此關係，從上述研究中，試圖瞭解當時吐蕃人的家庭型態、親屬範圍，以及親屬之間的權利義務等。並依古藏文文獻所載內容的時間先後順序加以排列，藉以瞭解吐蕃於西元七世紀初葉至九世紀初葉近二百年的歷史中，社會之親屬結構的變遷。

Based on the notion that ancient culture can be constructed from ancient historical documents and literature, the present article expounds the kinship terms and the kinship structures of Tibet, namely the Tubo (Bod Chen Po) Kingdom, during the Tang period by utilizing ancient Tibetan texts from Dunhuang, the Western Regions, and Tibetan inscriptions. From these sources, this article discusses the meanings, usages, and subjects of these kinship terms, as well as the rights and obligations among kinship relations to understand the family models and scope of kinship in Tibet. Furthermore, this article arranges the contents of the ancient Tibetan texts in chronological order to apprehend the changes in the kinship structure of Tibetan society from the early seventh to early ninth century.