《春秋》、《左傳》中的「及」和「與」

“Jí”and“Yǔ”in the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Zuo Commentary

本文重新闡釋「及」和「與」在《春秋》、《左傳》中的語義功能。透過對書寫體例和各種相關構式的考察，本文主張「與」作介詞是註記共同參與者—行為涉及的另一方或共同發出行為的一方，作連詞則是註記不同的類群；而「及」基本上是個連詞，註記不同的類群，同時還附註序列性。連詞「及」和「與」功能的差異是來源不同所致。對於「及」和「與」在上古文獻中的分布，本文也提出了看法。

This article reinterprets the semantic functions of“jí”(及) and“yǔ”(與) in the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Zuo Commentary. Through an examination of writing conventions and various linguistic constructions, this article argues that“yǔ,”when used as a preposition, functions to introduce co-participants—the referent of the other party involved in contextual actions or the party that jointly performs the action. As a conjunction,“yǔ”is coordinated to mark different categories. On the other hand,“jí”is primarily a conjunction that simultaneously marks different categories and denotes sequentiality. The conjunctions of“jí”and“yǔ”exhibit distinct linguistic functions due to their different etymological origins, In addition, this article provides insights into the distribution and arrangement of“jí”and“yǔ”in ancient texts.