襲聖承矩：宋孝武帝創業集團及其政權正當性的建構

Inherit the Tradition of a Sage Ruler: The Cohort of Meritorious Ministers of Emperor Xiaowu of the Liu Song Dynasty and His Legitimacy of Rule

宋孝武帝劉駿，為文帝劉義隆三子、宋室第四任皇帝，但其在歷史書寫中的個人形象，頗具爭議，歷史評價褒貶不一。尤其，孝武非長子或儲君纂承皇統，乃藉宋室內釁，文帝遭長子劉劭篡弒，孝武以其府內僚佐為後盾，以忠孝節義為名，興縞素之師，聲言為君／父討逆，進而居天下之尊。但是，孝武雖以撥亂反正，終致中興之業，但無論建義興兵，或是按資排輩即位承統，孝武皆非首要。是故，如何建立權力來源的正當性，確保蒼生向心，當是難題。本文梳理孝武自成王出鎮伊始，其開府置佐累積而成的政治資源，進而析論其至太初難起，藉甲兵之利，援引前朝開國故事、訴諸天命轉移之說，建構起兵討劭之正當性。迨孝武繼位稱帝後，試圖更易其父諡號、廟號，為其父形塑聖王之景象，再以尊崇其父之道，表現事君／父至孝等作為，宣揚自身不僅為聖王之後，更是延續聖王之道者，故能受天命、承宗廟，用以突顯其為受命之君／忠臣孝子的形象，確立皇位傳承的正當性，以此摒除覬覦皇位者，塑造其統治理論依據。

Emperor Xiaowu (孝武帝) of Liu Song was the fourth emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty, as Emperor Wen's (文帝) third son. However, his personal image in historical writings is controversial, with mixed evaluations. Emperor Xiaowu became emperor because his older brother Liu Shao (劉劭) assassinated their father and took the throne. He rebelled under the pretext of seeking revenge and overthrew Liu Shao. The focus on this article is to analyze Emperor Xiaowu’s overthrow of Liu Shao and the establishment of legitimate rule.