人工智慧人格問題初探

A Preliminary Exploration of the Issue on Artificial Intelligence Personhood

AI廣泛應用於各個領域，現今的生成式AI更是席捲全球。AI帶來的法律問題圍繞著一個核心議題：AI是否應該被賦予人格而擁有權利能力？AI不論在契約成立、侵權行為歸責、以及智慧財產權的歸屬上皆產生了法律爭議。本文認為，由於目前的自主性人工智慧已具有相當程度的自主判斷和決策能力，賦予AI電子人格，使其能夠參與民事法律關係，可促進社會經濟及滿足人類各種生活需求。對於AI電子人格的建構，可以視人類的需求來設計。而因為AI與公司的型態和本質又有諸多不同，因此建議AI人格獨立規範，在既有的自然人、法人之外建構第三種人格類型：AI電子人格。本文嘗試提出授予自主性的AI電子人格的要件和設計，希冀解決當今人工智慧對傳統法律體系所造成的衝擊和難題。

AI is extensively applied across various domains and nowadays generative AI is sweeping across the globe. The legal challenges posed by AI center on a fundamental issue: Should AI be granted personhood and thus the capacity to have rights? AI raises legal disputes in areas such as the establishment of contracts, attribution of tort liability, and the ownership of intellectual property rights. This article posits that due to the current autonomous decision-making capabilities of artificial intelligence, granting electronic personhood to AI could allow it to participate in civil legal relationships, and thereby promoting socio-economic development and meeting various human needs. The construction of AI’s electronic personhood can be tailored to human requirements. Given the distinct nature and essence of AI compared to corporations, it is recommended to regulate AI personhood independently, creating a third type of legal personality: AI electronic personhood. This paper attempts to outline the prerequisites and design for granting autonomous AI electronic personhood, hoping to resolve the challenges and impacts that modern artificial intelligence poses to the traditional legal system.