推力工具在學校教育實踐經驗之分析與啟示：行為政策學之觀點

The Analysis and Implications of Nudge Tools practice in Schooling: Perspective of Behavioral Public Policy

政策工具係政府解決政策問題、產生政策效果的集體行動及機制，近十餘年來，在公共治理面的強大需求下，先進國家積極應用以行為政策學為理論基礎之低成本「推力」政策工具，其適用政策領域業已涵蓋醫療、財稅及教育等範疇。相較之下，我國教育政策多年來偏好特定類型政策工具，忽略政策工具之發展創新，不免影響政策執行效能。故本研究透過行為政策學之觀點，採用焦點團體訪談、德菲法等方法，在分析先進國家推力工具實踐經驗之基礎上，嘗試發展具體推力工具實際應用於我國學校教育場域。研究結果顯示：參與研究專家群體大多數支持推力工具在我國學校教育應用之可行性，並以「健康飲食選擇」、「促進學生預習復習課程內容」等介入標的較受專家群體認同；同時，本研究研發之推力工具，雖在成效評估指標調查上呈現正向結果，但推力工具在學校教育之應用仍存在相關限制，有待後續研究深入探討。

Policy instruments are collective actions and mechanisms used by the government to solve policy problems and produce policy effects. Under the strong demand for public governance, advanced countries have developed ''behavioral public policy'' research approach and related policy tools in the last decade. The low cost and effective ''nudge instruments'' has triggered a wave of active promotion by governments of advanced countries, and its applicable areas have covered in medical, fiscal, taxation and education policies. In contrast, the education policies in Taiwan have preferred specific types of policy tools for long term, and ignore the development and innovation of other types of policy tools, which will inevitably affect the effectiveness of policy implementation. Therefore, this research attempt to analyze the practice experience of nudge tools in advanced countries through the perspectives of behavioral public policy, by using focus groups, Delphi method, and to develop and apply specific nudge tools in the school education in Taiwan. The research results show that most members of experts group support the feasibility of applying nudge tools in school education, and intervention targets such as ''healthy eating choices'' and ''promoting students to preview and review course content'' are more recognized by the experts group. Meanwhile, although the nudge tool in this study showed positive results in the outcome evaluation indicators, the application of the nudge tool in schooling still has relevant limitations, which needs to be further explored in future researches.