身心障礙者的自立生活與社會參與：旅次目的分析之實證結果

Independent Living and Social Participation of People With Disabilities: Empirical Results From a Trip Purpose Analysis

本研究旨在透過身心障礙者的旅次目的檢視其自立生活與社會參與情形。針對居住於家宅的1,709位身體障礙者與1,336位心智障礙者兩組樣本進行分析發現，兩者的外出理由皆以日常雜務旅次占比最高、工作就業旅次與休閒活動旅次次之、社群互動旅次最低；顯示對於多數身心障礙者而言，滿足自立生活的需求（日常雜務與工作就業）優先於滿足社會參與的需求（休閒活動與社群互動），且自立生活相關旅次的進行，可能限縮社會參與相關旅次的產生。故本研究在建立身心障礙者是否具有休閒活動旅次以及是否具有社群互動旅次的二項羅吉特模式時，除了考量社會人口、健康狀況與居住環境特性，亦納入有無日常雜務旅次與有無工作就業旅次等變數。主要結果除證實自立生活相關旅次的影響外，亦顯示居住環境因素如獨居、住宅距離市區較遠、外出主要依賴他人接送，以及沒有次要運具將會降低身心障礙者具有休閒活動旅次的機率。最後則據此提出對於身心障礙者住宅政策與運輸政策的具體建議。

This study aims to assess the independent living and social participation of people with disabilities by scrutinizing their travel purposes. After analyzing samples of 1,709 physically disabled and 1,336 mentally disabled individuals residing at home, the results indicate that errands are the primary reason for travel, followed by work and leisure trips, with social trips being the least frequent. This implies a prioritization of fulfilling independent living needs (such as errands and work trips) is put before social participation pursuits (such as leisure and social trips). Additionally, the study suggests a potential reduction of social participation trips for an increase in trips for independent living. Utilizing a binary logit model, the study examines how socio-demographics, health conditions, residential environments, as well as errands and work trips influence the likelihood of engaging in leisure and social trips. Key findings confirm the significant impact of errands and work trips. Furthermore, there is a decreased likelihood of leisure trips for those living alone, residing far from urban areas, relying on chauffeured transportation, and lacking alternative travel modes. The study is concluded by discussing implications for tailoring housing policies and transportation policies to meet the specific needs of people with disabilities.