幼兒園教保服務人員工作意識與行為的影響機制與政策反思

Influencing Mechanism and Policy Reflection of Work Awareness and Behavior of Preschool Educator

我國少子女化對策計畫是近年來臺灣政府為推動因應少子女化的重大政策方向，其主要目的是為了減輕家長沉重的育兒負擔，拓展平價教保服務量能，提升幼教現場的教保服務品質。該政策中的教保服務公共化與準公共化措施亦十分看重教保服務人員的薪資福利及權益等勞動條件，期望解決長期以來人員低薪、工作條件差的問題，以穩定教保服務品質。不過，這項政策對於現場優質教保人力的穩定與工作投入效果如何？目前相關的研究證據仍不夠充分。基於此，本研究以自編問卷及方便取樣的方式對全臺灣幼教現場進行資料收集，最後共取得569位有效教保服務人員的樣本。本研究運用因素分析、平均數比較分析以及結構方程模式檢證相關理論假設。研究結果顯示：公立與非營利之教保服務人員因薪資較高，而使其工作滿意相對偏高，離職意圖相對偏低；另外，公立與非營利之教保服務人員的工作投入與專業進修較私立幼兒園積極。

In recent years, Taiwan's ''Low Fertility Countermeasure Plan'' has been a key policy initiative to address the challenges of declining birth rates. Its main goals are to alleviate the heavy childcare burden on parents, expand affordable educare services, and improve the quality of preschool educare. The policy’s public and quasi-public measures also prioritize the salaries, benefits, and labor conditions of educare personnel, aiming to resolve the long-standing issues of low wages and poor working conditions, thereby ensuring the stability and quality of educare services. However, the effectiveness of this policy in stabilizing the high quality on-site educare manpower and work commitment still lacks research evidence. Therefore, in this study, self-administered questionnaires and convenience sampling methods were used to collect data from all preschool educational institutions in Taiwan, and a total of 569 valid samples of preschool educators were obtained. Factor analysis, comparative analysis of averages, and structural equation modeling were used in this study. The results of this study show that public and non-profit preschool educators have higher job satisfaction and lower intention to leave their jobs due to higher salaries; secondly, public and nonprofit preschool educators are more active in work commitment and professional development than preschool educators at private kindergartens; and finally, non-profit preschool educators are more active in job satisfaction than preschool educators at private preschools.