生產鏈國際分工及要素跨國移動下的貿易行為分析

Supply Chain Production with Trade and Factor Movement Across Countries

本文旨在探討同時存在生產鏈國際分工及生產要素跨國移動的貿易行為分析，並解釋影響跨國要素移動的關鍵因素。在政府及多國籍公司各自擬定其最適的跨國要素移動策略或政策指引下，分別探析其對兩國生產要素報酬的差異影響。本文特別指出一昧地追求利潤極大化的跨國要素需求行為如何的影響及激化所得分配不均的現象。最後並提供一個子賽局完美均衡的政府最佳跨國要素移動政策，期能減緩日趨嚴峻的國際貿易失衡及所得分配不均的情勢。

This paper is intended to highlight one area of potential disagreement between the government and multinational in this second globalization era with supply chain production playing a pivotal role of trade. Built on a subgame-perfect framework the governments of both countries could decide the best allowances for their domestic labor and capital resources outflowing across borders with the consideration that multinationals would then decide their optimal foreign factor utilization policies accordingly. We find that the degree of openness for the global factor movement would be strongly influenced by the differences in the production technology, factor intensity and resource endowment between trading countries. This paper also points out that the very existence of massive factor movement across countries would create a nonnegligible hurtle invalidating the factor price equalization property as proclaimed by the conventional H-O model. By way of a meticulous design of government’s factor movement policy we hope that the current deteriorating income inequality and trade imbalance problems driven by the reckless multinationals could be gradually dampened.