正念疼惜治療──開創護理師自我照顧的新時代

The New Era of Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Therapy in Developing Nurses’Self-Care

高壓的臨床護理工作和職場環境影響護理師知覺疲勞和身心的健康，因此如何建立護理師自我照顧的能力成為目前護理教育最重要的課題。這篇文章介紹護理師自我照顧概念，正念疼惜治療內容及如何運用於護理師的自我照顧。根據實證研究建構護理師自我照顧的概念包含正念、疼惜以及韌性三種能力，強調護理師能覺察當下身心靈困擾，以仁慈及同理的方式面對和回應痛苦，建立因應困境的韌力。近年來正念疼惜治療發展應用於提升健康專業人員的身心安適的方案，內容包含正念和自我疼惜的概念、自我疼惜的行動、自我疼惜如何運用於面臨困難情緒、以及以品味和感恩實踐幸福生活。實證研究持續發現正念疼惜治療能有效減輕職業的疲勞和疼惜疲憊。因此依據正念疼惜治療概念，國外已經發展護理師能於日常生活和工作中執行正念疼惜治療的技巧，有助於護理師能有意識的覺察工作壓力情境對自己的影響而能進一步採取呼吸或身體掃描啟動身體放鬆反應並以自我疼惜的語言給予自我支持。

The high-pressure nature of clinical nursing work and workplace environments influence how nurses perceive fatigue and their physical and mental health. Therefore, promoting self-care-related skills and capabilities has become an important issue in nursing education. The concept of nurse self-care, the content of mindful self-compassion therapy, and how to apply this therapy in nurse self-care are introduced in this article. Based on the findings of prior empirical research, the concept of self-care in the context of nurses consists of three key abilities: mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience. These abilities emphasize promoting the ability of nurses to be aware of their body-mind-spirit distress in the present and to respond to suffering with kindness and empathy. Furthermore, resilience may be developed even while facing adversities in life. Mindful self-compassion therapy has been increasingly applied in recent years to improve body-mind well-being in healthcare professionals. This therapy includes the concepts of mindfulness and self-compassion, self-compassion actions, how self-compassion can be applied to facing emotional difficulties, and practicing gratitude and savoring life for a life happiness. Empirical research results consistently confirm that mindful self-compassion therapy can effectively reduce both occupational and compassion fatigue. Therefore, mindfulness self-compassion skills incorporated into nurses’daily lives and work have been subsequently developed based on the concepts underlying mindful self-compassion therapy. These skills help nurses be more consciously aware of the personal impact of work stress, take ameliorative actions such as breathing exercises or body scanning to trigger a physical relaxation response, and use self-compassionate language to self-support.