從《莊子》的他者倫理學探討死生場域中的面容：一種照護者與被照護者之間的倫理療遇

The Visage in the Field of Death and Life and Zhuangzi’s Ethics of the Other: A Possibility of Healing Encounter

在當代，強調「自我」、「主體」、「理性」、「原則」的啟蒙倫理學面臨許多挑戰，如醫病現場中的危機時刻，經常無法找到一體適用的道德原則來解決，所謂普遍的道德原則，有時候還會成為同一化暴力的源頭，這也逼顯出在當代重思倫理學的迫切性。對比之下，《莊子》的倫理學，建立在對同一性思維的批判與主體解構之基礎，在實踐與關懷上以他者為優先，可稱之為他者倫理學。本文主張，《莊子》的他者倫理學，能夠為醫學倫理提供重要的思想資源，特別是在死亡場域的醫病現場中環繞於醫生、護理師、志工、家屬與病患之間所涉及的照護與倫理難題。

Nowadays, enlightenment ethics that emphasizes“self,”“subjectivity,”“reason,”and“principle”is facing many challenges. For example, it is often impossible to find a moral principle that applies to all scenarios to resolve a crisis in the doctor-patient scene. The so-called universal moral principle sometimes becomes the source of homogenizing violence, which in turn catalyzes the urgency of rethinking ethics at the present moment. Such reconsideration can draw inspiration from Zhuangzi’s ethics that is based on the critique of homogeneous thinking as well as the deconstruction of subjectivity. The move prioritizes others in practice and care, which is thus called the ethics of the Other. This study suggests that Zhuangzi’s ethics of the Other can provide important philosophical resources for medical ethics, especially in the doctor-patient interaction in the death and life scenarios, which involve the care and ethical problems that concern doctors, nurses, volunteers, family members and patients.