如何糾結？為誰夾纏？（在水族館）邂逅海洋生物的倫理可能

How to Intertwine? For Whom to Entangle? The Ethical Possibilities of Encountering Marine Life (in Aquariums)

近年來的環境人文論述經常以「多物種」、「糾結夾纏」或「繞射」為關鍵詞，凸顯人與其他生命體共生及共同流變的命運。然而當此類論述漸趨主流時，也開始出現一些批判的聲音，認為訴諸人與其他物種的夾纏，往往淪為空洞的口號。針對這類質疑，本論文擬以與人類較為疏離的海洋生物為例，重新檢視夾纏論在探討人與海洋生物的問題上有何貢獻與侷限。論文首先將釐清哈洛威、巴芮德諸如繞射之類與夾纏論相關的基本概念，並以挪用其理論者探討人與海洋生物關係時的方式為例，指出若停留在「只要指出夾纏現象存在即可」的階段，此種理論挪用上的偏誤確實將造成夾纏論的訴求空洞化。其次將以人與海洋生物邂逅的主要場域，水族館，作為進一步討論的焦點，陳述並分析現今水族館在提升海洋保育意識的作用上何以頗為侷限，並以阿萊莫所提出的「跨肉身性」、「懸置」等觀點，思考如何以另一種對夾纏的認識，帶來改變的契機。

In recent years, discourse in environmental humanities has often focused on keywords such as“multispecies,”“entanglement,”or“diffraction,”emphasizing the importance of coexisting with other organisms and“becoming with”them. However, critical voices have emerged to question the strength of entanglement as an ethical stance, as the appeal of multispecies co-existence often devolves into empty slogans. In response to these critiques, this paper aims to use marine species as a case in point to reconsider concepts like entanglement and diffraction. It seeks to explore the contributions and limitations of these concepts in discussing the relationship between humans and marine life. The paper will first explain the core concepts of diffraction as proposed by Donna Haraway and Karen Barad, examining whether some theorists, when appropriating these concepts to explore the human-marine life relationships, should be faulted for merely identifying the phenomenon of entanglement without deeper engagement. Furthermore, as aquariums are primary sites where humans encounter marine life, the latter part of this paper will discuss and analyze the limitations of current aquariums in raising marine conservation awareness. Finally, drawing on perspectives such as“trans-corporeality”and“suspension”proposed by Stacy Alaimo, this paper will explore how a different understanding of entanglement may bring about opportunities for change.