詩的闡釋與翻譯啟發──班雅明論賀德林的兩首詩

The Intertextual Reading of Walter Benjamin’s“Zwei Gedichte von Friedrich Hölderlin”

賀德林（Friedrich Hölderlin）的詩歌在生前並未得到完整出版機會，導致後世經過不同世代的解讀，更添其神秘色彩，然卻也更奠定其經典地位。哲學家班雅明（Walter Benjamin）、海德格（Martin Heidegger）、阿多諾（Theodor W. Adorno）等人均曾為文解讀賀德林的詩歌。其中，班雅明在〈譯者使命〉（“Die Aufgabe desÜbersetzers”）中更將賀德林推至崇高的地位。阿多諾在〈並列〉（“Parataxis”）亦曾詳細解析賀德林的詩學觀。事實上，阿多諾在〈並列〉使用的闡釋方法即是挪用了班雅明在〈論賀德林的兩首詩〉（“Zwei Gedichte von Friedrich Hölderlin”）中強調的「被詩化者」（das Gedichtete）的概念。在〈論賀德林的兩首詩〉中，班雅明即以互文的方式，深度探討賀德林前後期兩首詩：〈詩人勇氣〉（“Dichtermut”）與〈愚昧〉（“Blödigkeit”）之間所展現的密切、演化、且互為整體的關係。因此，本論文擬以此篇文章為重要的閱讀文本，期能在梳理本文的過程中，藉著班雅明對賀德林的解讀，在哲學與藝術批評的面向上更添對賀德林詩歌的賞析，亦期能對班雅明的藝術批評及翻譯論述獲得更多的啟發與補充。

Hölderlin’s poetry, lacking a comprehensive publication during his lifetime, has resulted in diverse interpretations across successive generations. This has not only added to its enigmatic charm, but also further cementing its status as a classic. Philosophers such as Walter Benjamin, Martin Heidegger, and Theodor Adorno have all engaged in interpreting Hölderlin’s poetry. Benjamin, in particular, elevated Hölderlin to a sublime position in his essay“Die Aufgabe desÜbersetzers.”Adorno emphasizes as well the unique paratactic features of Hölderlin’s poetry in his essay“Parataxis.”In fact, Adorno’s interpretation is rooted in Benjamin’s concept of the“Gedichtete”from“Zwei Gedichte von Friedrich Hölderlin,”in which Benjamin employs an intertextual approach to delve into the interconnected relationship between Hölderlin’s two late-period poems:“Dichtermut”and“Blödigkeit.”Therefore, this paper intends to designate this article as a crucial text for a better appreciation of Hölderlin. Through Benjamin’s distinctive insight in philosophy and literature, the aim is to augment the comprehension of Hölderlin’s poetry and gain an expanded and profound understanding of Benjamin’s artistic critiques and translation theory.