尼采作為彌爾的讀者：一個詮釋尼采政治思想的嘗試

Nietzsche as a Reader of John Stuart Mill: An Attempt to Interpret Nietzsche’s Political Thought

尼采作為一個政治思想家或許已被廣泛承認，但如何詮釋以及理解其政治思想卻仍是一個棘手的問題。本文將經由尼采對彌爾的閱讀，從以下五個方面展開對尼采政治思想的詮釋：民主的平庸化與多數暴政、言論自由及其知識論前提、效益主義的倫理學、十九世紀的勞工與社會主義問題以及婦女解放運動。本文呼籲一種建立在閱讀行為之上的歷史脈絡化工作，因為這使得我們得以更準確地理解尼采的思想。其次，對不同政治議題的探討也將表明，尼采的政治思想無法在現代性的政治光譜中加以定位，但這恰恰提供了我們一個反思現代性的批判視角。

Nietzsche is now widely recognized as a political thinker, yet interpretations and understandings of his political thought remain controversial. This paper examines five aspects of Nietzsche’s political thought in light of his reading of John Stuart Mill: the mediocrity and tyranny of the democratic majority, freedom of speech and its epistemological foundations, utilitarian ethics, labor and the social question of the nineteenth century, and the emancipation of women. This paper argues, first, for a historically contextualized approach that emphasizes Nietzsche’s act of reading as a means to understand his ideas more accurately. Second, the exploration of different political issues will show that Nietzsche’s political thought cannot be situated within the political spectrum of modernity. However, this provides us with a critical perspective for reflecting on modernity.