美國推動「印太經濟架構」與中共應對策略

隨著美「中」戰略競爭態勢不斷升高，美國愈益強調中共對區域安全的威脅，並指責中共對亞太國家存在經濟脅迫行為。基此，美國遂著手加強經濟領域佈局，尋求構建排擠中共的區域經貿格局，並相應重塑美國在亞太經濟領導權。2022年5月啓動的「印度―太平洋經濟架構」（Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, IPEF）談判是拜登政府升級「印太」戰略的重要舉措。其不同於傳統自貿協定，IPEF是藉由發揮議題整合功能，呈現出拜登政府因應內部政治氛圍及規避國會詰問，通過將高標準經貿規則制定、供應鏈政策、清潔能源與氣候政策、基礎設施投資競爭、反腐管轄等議題清單式的運作特徵。儘管IPEF或將對中共維持地區經濟影響力造成相當程度挑戰，然而IPEF目前僅確定主要支柱與方向，但具體內容仍需通過後續談判確定，未來可能達成某種形式的正式協定，因而IPEF的形成將是較長期間的過程。反觀中共的路徑選擇主要是加快推進對外經貿合作，牽制IPEF對「中」經濟圍堵，促進經濟高質量發展。伴隨2024年11月5日川普當選新一屆美國總統，後續美國是否續透過IPEF塑造孤立中共的亞太經貿格局，對中共力爭主導區域經貿運作規則等，均形成諸多不確定性。

As the strategic competition between the United States and China continues to rise, the US has increasingly emphasized the threat posed by the CCP to regional security and accused the CCP of economic coercion against Asia-Pacific countries. The US has accordingly begun to strengthen its economic layout, seeking to build a regional economic and trade structure that excludes the CCP and reshape the Washington’s economic leadership in the Asia-Pacific. The“Indo-Pacific Economic Framework”(IPEF) negotiations launched in May 2022 are an important measure for the Biden administration to upgrade the“Indo-Pacific”strategy. Different from traditional free trade agreements, IPEF plays an issue integration function, showing that the Biden administration responds to the internal political atmosphere. With the election of Donald Trump as the new US President on November 5, 2024, whether Washington will continue use IPEF to shape the Asia-Pacific economy and trade patterns to isolate the CCP remains to be observed.