美中科技戰對台灣跨國半導體企業的地緣經濟影響與其因應策略分析

本文分析了美中科技戰對台灣跨國半導體企業的地緣經濟影響及其因應策略。地緣經濟是指國家利用既有金融、貿易關係與其他經濟工具來實現其地緣政治與經濟目的之現象，這在美中科技戰中表現尤為明顯。本文指出，現實主義和自由主義觀點在解釋台灣跨國半導體企業行為時各有侷限性，因此提出了另一種分析架構，強調可再透過企業對美國科技與市場的依賴程度及其在全球供應鏈中的地位，來解釋其應對策略。通過對聯發科（MediaTek）、台積電（TSMC）和日月光投控（ASE）的案例分析，本文發現這些企業在技術限制、供應鏈管理與市場布局方面展現出不同的策略選擇。結果顯示，這些企業不僅需要在全球市場中展現靈活性與創新能力，還需進一步分散市場和技術依賴，以應對未來的地緣經濟風險。

This article analyzes the geo-economic impact of the U.S.-China tech war on Taiwanese multinational semiconductor companies and their response strategies. Geo-economics refers to the phenomenon where countries utilize existing financial, trade relations, and other economic tools to achieve their geopolitical and economic objectives, a trend particularly evident in the U.S.-China tech war. The article points out that the perspectives of two international relations theories, realism and liberalism, have limitations when explaining the behavior of Taiwanese multinational semiconductor companies.
Therefore, it proposes an alternative analytical framework that emphasizes understanding these companies＇response strategies through their dependence on U.S. technology and markets and their position in the global supply chain. Through case studies of MediaTek, TSMC, and ASE Technology Holdings, the article finds that these companies exhibit different strategic choices in terms of technological constraints, supply chain management, and market positioning. The findings suggest that these companies not only need to demonstrate flexibility and innovation in the global market but also need to further diversify their market and technological dependencies to mitigate future geoeconomic risks.