屈復《唐詩成法》與沈德潛《唐詩別裁集》的選評金鍼比較

屈復與沈德潛在乾嘉之際曾被譽為南北兩大詩宗。屈復《唐詩成法》以「為初學者作老馬」為選評理念，僅錄唐人五七言律詩，關注於唐律的遣詞用字與章法照應，猶如為初學者引路的識途老馬。沈德潛《唐詩別裁集》諸體皆選、四唐兼收，著意於詩歌的體格聲調、興象風神，使人得見唐詩中有「鯨魚碧海、巨刃摩天」之觀，無愧於「為學詩者發軔之助」的選評旨趣。
本文透過兩書的體例與立意，探討屈、沈兩家如何以金鍼度人？研究後發現，《唐詩成法》是以「詩法」說解「作品」優劣，適用於入門初階的「學詩者」；《唐詩別裁集》以詩作的「格調」評價「作者」詩藝高下，適用於進階變化的「能詩者」。此外，屈、沈兩家的選本在後世傳播之所以有冷熱差異，文中也有進一步探討。

Qu Fu and Shen De Qian were major poetic authorities in southern and northern China during the Qian Long and Jia Qing periods, yet their influence in poetics diverged significantly. Qu Fu’s Tang Shi Cheng Fa serves as a“seasoned guide for beginners,”focusing on five and seven character regulated Tang poems. It emphasizes word choice and structural coherence, guiding novice poets like an experienced mentor. In contrast, Shen De Qian’s Tang Shi Bie Cai Ji spans all Tang poetic forms and periods, highlighting tonal structure, imagery, and style to help readers appreciate Tang poetry’s grandeur. This study compares their frameworks and purposes, revealing that Tang Shi Cheng Fa applies“poetic technique”for beginners, while Tang Shi Bie Cai Ji evaluates“stylistic quality”for advanced poets. Despite their shared emphasis on selection and critique, their methodologies, priorities, and target audiences differ, shaping their distinct legacies in poetic discourse.