2018–2023年高雄港船舶衛生檢查分析

高雄港2018–2023每年進港船舶介於15,246至17,307艘次，貨物吞吐量每年介於99,883,468至118,797,570公噸，船舶進出頻繁且船種繁多，船舶上潛在的公共衛生風險可能造成港埠從業人員及國內公共衛生安全威脅。依國際衛生條例2005（IHR 2005）及我國港埠檢疫規則，由檢疫單位實施船舶衛生檢查，針對船上缺失提供衛教或輔導改善。本研究統計2018至2023年船舶衛生證明書（Ship Sanitation Certificate, SSC）核發情形，並分析核發衛生管制證明書（Ship Sanitation Control Certificate, SSCC）之風險因子如船齡及船種，及核發SSCC船種、病媒種類與分布範圍，及常見不合格檢查項目。2018至2023年間核發計2,285件SSC，其中4.2%為衛生不良之SSCC。另以邏輯式迴歸分析結果顯示高船齡與油輪均為開立SSCC的風險因子；申請SSC檢查件數以散裝船最高，次為全貨櫃船、雜貨船；另核發SSCC件數最高為油輪、次為雜貨船。發現病媒區域多以廚房、食物相關區域或倉庫為主，油輪除甲板未發現病媒外，餘檢查區域曾發現病媒。發現病媒次數以蟑螂最多，次為蒼蠅。初步分析2023年常見不合格檢查項目以「食物儲存室食品腐敗或未包裝」、「廚房或住艙水龍頭之熱水溫度低於50℃」為主。建議檢查時注意高船齡與油輪衛生條件較差船舶，及病媒常出沒區域與食物儲存環境，適時建議船方落實病媒常出現區域防治工作並做好食品安全管理等，以維護船上人員健康安全。

The diverse and frequent vessel traffic at Kaohsiung Port presents significant public health risks to port workers and the general population. To mitigate these threats, quarantine units conduct ship sanitation inspections in accordance with the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) and Taiwan's port quarantine regulations. Based on identified deficiencies, health education and guidance are provided to improve onboard conditions.
We analyzed 2,285 Ship Sanitation Certificates (SSCs) issued from 2018 to 2023. Of these, 4.2% were classified as Ship Sanitation Control Certificates (SSCC) due to poor sanitation conditions. Logistic regression analysis revealed vessel age and type, particularly oil tankers, as significant risk factors for SSCC issuance. We further examined vessel types associated with SSCCs, detected vectors, their distribution, and common inspection failures.
Bulk carriers, container ships, and general cargo ships were the most frequent requesters of Ship Sanitation Certificates (SSCs). However, oil tankers presented the highest risk, with the greatest number of SSCC issued. Vectors were primarily detected in kitchens, food areas, and warehouses. Notably, oil tankers showed vector presence in all inspected areas except the deck, with cockroaches and flies being the predominant pests.
A preliminary analysis of 2023 data identified common sanitation violations, including food spoilage, improper food storage, and insufficiently heated water. To optimize inspection efficiency, focus should be directed towards older vessels, oil tankers, and areas susceptible to pest infestation. Timely recommendations for vector control and enhanced food safety practices are crucial to safeguard the health and well-being of ship personnel.