2015-2022年臺中港船舶衛生檢查分析

臺中港為我國進出港船舶第二大的國際商港，因船舶進出艘數及船種多元，相對其他運量較少的國際港埠，公共衛生風險潛在威脅高。本文分析2015–2022年臺中港之船舶衛生檢查及船舶衛生證明書簽發狀況，並探討同艘船舶核發衛生管制證明書變化，期望了解臺中港船舶公共衛生風險因素。在船舶衛生管制證明書核發數較多的船種中，衛生管制證明書率以油輪最高，雜貨船次之，故油輪及雜貨船為重點查核船種。針對研究期間同艘船舶衛生管制證明書變化，將證書簽發年度分為前後4年進行比較（2015–2018年及2019–2022年），發現8年期間重覆開立衛生管制證明書沒有差異，但船舶重覆拿到衛生管制證明書的原因主要是廚房、餐廳、倉庫等二地以上發現蟑螂，其次是發現老鼠或鼠跡。進一步分析病媒出沒地點及種類相關性，病媒種類以蟑螂占大宗，其次為老鼠、蒼蠅。病媒出現風險較高地區為廚房、餐廳及倉庫，為查核之重點。我國對於開立免予衛生管制證明書及衛生管制證明書之船舶，進港時的管制措施無差異。建議可參考澳洲及德國，提高檢查標準或隨機登船檢查缺失。船舶審查檢疫或衛生證明書費用為船舶營運成本，或許可藉由提高領有衛生管制證明書船舶兩者費用，提高船方對於船舶衛生的重視，杜絕可能病媒進入我國，達到保障國人健康目的。

Taichung Port is the second-largest international commercial port in Taiwan. Due to the large shipping volume and diverse ship types, Taichung Port has a higher potential threat to public health than other international ports do. We analyzed ship sanitation inspection and ship sanitation certificate issuance in Taichung Port from 2015 to 2022. We explored the changes in the issuance of sanitation certificates for the same ship and possible public health risks for Taichung Port. We found that oil tankers and general cargo ships were issued the most certificates. Regarding changes in Sanitation Control Certificates for the same ship during the study period, we compared the status of certificate issuance between 2015–2018 and 2019–2022. We found that there were no differences in the proportion of repeatedly issued Sanitation Control Certificates during the eight-year period. The reasons that ships repeatedly received Sanitation Control Certificates were mainly caused by the discovery of cockroaches in more than two places, such as kitchens, restaurants, and storage rooms, followed by the discovery of rats or rat traces. Further analysis of the correlation between locations where vectors occur and types of vectors revealed that cockroaches accounted for the majority of vectors, followed by rats and flies. Areas with a higher risk of vector occurrence were kitchens, restaurants, and storage rooms. There were no differences in the control measures for vessels entering our country, whether the vessels were exempted from a Sanitation Control Certificate or not. We recommend the implementation of enhanced inspection standards or random onboard inspections for potential shortcomings, like those practiced in Australia and Germany. The fees associated with quarantine inspection and certificates are considered operational costs for vessels. Perhaps by increasing both fees for inspection and Sanitation Control Certificate issuance, the maritime industry will pay more attention to vessel sanitation. This strategy aims to prevent potential vectors from entering our country and protect the health of the people.