金液丹：北宋的補陽療法與哲宗之死

The Gold Liquid Dan: Yang-Tonifying Therapy in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Death of Emperor Zhezong

本文結構分成兩部分，首先比較金液丹的神仙道教淵源，及其在唐宋時期用於醫療的轉變。金液丹乃是基於服用不朽壞的黃金能讓人不老不死的信念而誕生。其配方從圍繞著黃金的複方開始，隨著煉丹術理論的發展而變化；至北宋中晚期收入《和劑局方》之際，定型為硫黃單方。此過程反映宋代醫學對道教知識的化用，塑造出一個融攝煉丹技術而以治病為導向的丹藥。其次以宋哲宗(r. 1085-1100)為核心討論宋人用金液丹治病的情形，探究金液丹如何成為補陽風尚的一部分。宋人用金液丹補益陽氣，治虛寒病症，亦可供日常養生。當醫者面對危重症或新興疾病，遣用古方療效不彰，即仰賴強悍的金液丹回陽救逆。

This article first examines the Immortal Daoist origins of the gold liquid dan金液丹and its transformation in medical use during the Tang and Song Dynasties. The gold liquid dan was developed from the premise that ingesting imperishable gold could confer immortality. Its formula began as a compound centered around gold and evolved with the development of alchemical theories. It was not until its inclusion in Hejiju fang和劑局方in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty that it was finalized as a single formula based on sulfur. This process exemplifies the integration of Daoist knowledge into Song medicine, resulting in a danyao丹藥that is oriented towards healing and that integrates alchemical techniques.
The second part of this article centers on Emperor Zhezong哲宗(r. 1085-1100) and discusses the use of gold liquid dan by people during the Song Dynasty to treat illnesses, exploring how it became part of the yang-tonifying補陽trend. In the Song Dynasty, people used gold liquid dan to replenish yangqi陽氣, to treat cold and deficiency diseases, and also to maintain general health. When faced with critical or emerging illnesses, and when traditional prescriptions were ineffective, physicians could rely on the potent golden liquid dan to restore yang and reverse counterflow.