「道大不容」：道學敘事以外的劉安世

A Grand Way Excluded:”Liu Anshi (1048-1125) in the Shadow of Daoxue

北宋晚期思想史向以錯綜複雜而著名。在王安石(1021-1086)新學獨尊於上的大氣候下，不少士人選擇依附主流。但亦有些士人獨立王學以外，堅持找尋自己的求道之路。政治層面的黨爭，時常與思想潮流糾結在一起。學術政治，互為其根，而亦有兩者分道揚鑣之時。通過考察劉安世(1048-1125)這位傳統敘事中的「舊黨」士大夫和「道學」親近者，本文希望展現北宋士大夫複雜的一面。本文嘗試屏除後設的道學敘事，回到劉安世所處的歷史現場，利用他本人的奏疏和語錄，探討其政治理念、立場，以及他與程頤(1033-1107)乃至程頤門人的關係。這一研究不僅旨在重塑道學話語以外的劉安世，也希望透過剖析劉氏這一個案，可以為將來的宋代思想史研究提供一些解構後設敘事的可能性策略。

The intellectual history of the late Northern Song is known for its complexity and obscurity. Under the great influence of Wang Anshi’s王安石(1021-1086) New Learning, many Northern Song scholars and scholar-officials searched for ways to access the ultimate Way in the last several decades of the Northern Song dynasty. During the late Northern Song, when factional struggles were in their heyday, political and intellectual threads intertwined with each other and profoundly shaped the mentality of scholar-officials. Through a detailed examination of Liu Anshi劉安世(1048-1125), a famous scholar-official who has been conventionally understood as an anti-reformist and a loose member of the Daoxue道學circle, this article explores the complex mentality of scholar-officials during the chaos of the late Northern Song. More concretely, the article investigates the historical context in which Liu Anshi resided and seeks to reveal his authentic self, especially his political stances and intellectual interests. On the basis of Liu’s words and writings collected by his students and descendants, the article casts doubt on various Daoxue narratives that obscured the real Liu Anshi. Nevertheless, the study not only reconstructs Liu Anshi independently of these Daoxue narratives, but it also calls for a methodological reflection on the deconstruction of the meta-narrative of Song intellectual history.