家庭客語政策的實踐與運用：親子共學客語之探究

The Practice and Application of Family Hakka Policy: A Study of Parents and Children Learning Hakka Together

本研究目的為探討親子共學客語家長的家庭語言政策與經驗，剖析親子共學客語的適當主題活動與條件，並比較客庄與都會區親子共學客語的差異，共有22個家庭分別參與8次客庄與都會區的親子共學客語活動，資料蒐集方式主要為團體焦點討論，還包括影片拍攝及文件蒐集等方式。研究結果發現家長參與親子共學客語的動機為客家血緣關係，具有客家族群認同感；關於家庭語言管理與實踐上，參與親子共學家中客語互動情況，家庭提供良好的楷模與支持環境，且家庭中於固定時間與情境會說客語；於家庭語言管理上，孩童提出要求時必需說客語，多鼓勵盡可能讓孩童有成就感。適合親子共學的主題內容包括有趣的、動手做、且具有客家文化傳承的主題活動；同時亦檢思孩童學習客語的重要條件是安全舒適的環境，透過有趣的活動參與，多提供語言刺激，激發孩童有內在的客語學習動機，在自然環境中就可以學習客語。本研究發現客庄與都會區的親子共學客語可以達成不同的目標，客庄因社區有較多語言刺激可以培育孩童將客語變成母語，而都會區是營造快樂的客語學習氛圍，進而激勵親子共學客語的樂趣與動機。最後本研究針對親子共學客語提出重要結論與建議供參考。

This study examined the experiences and significance of parent-child Hakka learning, analyzing suitable activities and conditions while comparing differences between Hakka village and urban settings. Twenty-two families participated in eight Hakka learning sessions in each area. Data were collected through focus groups, video recordings, and related documents. Parents, motivated by their Hakka ethnic identity, provided positive role models and supportive home environments for practicing Hakka. Families implemented structured routines, such as speaking Hakka at specific times, and encouraged children to use Hakka when making requests, fostering a sense of accomplishment. Effective activities included engaging, hands-on tasks themed around Hakka cultural heritage. A safe and comfortable environment was found crucial for children’s intrinsic motivation, allowing them to learn Hakka naturally through meaningful interaction. Hakka village settings offered rich community language exposure, nurturing children’s mother tongue development. Conversely, urban settings created a joyful and engaging learning atmosphere, encouraging enthusiastic participation from both parents and children. Suggestions for enhancing Hakka learning are provided.