日本在華輿論對清末教育改革的觀察──以《順天時報》的「論說」為中心

Japanese Public Opinion on Chinese Education Reform: As Seen through The Shuntian Times

日本在甲午戰後積極地協助清朝進行各方面改革，並提供自己的「西方經驗」。然而日本對清朝提供的利用「西方經驗」的「日本模式」，應不僅限於制度架構，更有思想層面的移植。而想要釐清這個課題，可以從幾個清末中國對日本資訊的來源，以及日本可以向中國發聲的管道著手。除了已多為研究者所注目的清末赴日視察者留下的日記與紀錄，以及日本明治時期所發行的教育雜誌之外，另一個日本可以對晚清進行改革經驗傳承的媒體，即為在華的日系機關報。因此本文以後者為主，選擇《順天時報》中的「論說」與清末教育改革相關論述為討論對象。從（一）對清末教育改革與訂立制度的綜合性建議、（二）討論尊孔的意義與日本之關聯、（三）闡述精神與道德教育重要性的論述、（四）有關科舉廢止與後續配套措施的提案、（五）關於女子教育的看法、（六）對小學教育修訂的議論等六個方面，來看日本在華輿論對當時清朝教育改革的看法，以釐清晚清教育改革中的中日關係的另一個側面。

By examining The Shuntian Times, a Japanese-funded newspaper published in China, this paper attempts to describe Japanese public opinion on educational reform in China during the late Qing dynasty. At the conclusion of the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-5), Japan began sharing its own experiences in westernization with the Qing dynasty government, thus providing it with assistance in carrying out social reform. This paper argues that Japan helped China not only with the establishment of new institutions, but, perhaps more importantly, with the creation of new ways of thinking.
In trying to determine how the Japanese public felt about China during the end of the Qing dynasty, two main sources are available to us: diaries and reports written by Japanese scholars who had lived in China, and educational publications in China that were funded by Japan. As the former source has been well explored, this paper focuses on the latter, with particular attention paid to Lun-shuo, a daily column in The Shuntian Times. The material is divided into six main categories: (i) general suggestions for educational reform in China; (ii) descriptions of Japanese links with Confucianism; (iii) discussions about the importance of moral education; (iv) advice on abolishing the Imperial Examination Systems; (v) women’s education; and (vi) primary education reform.