日本競技柔道一本勝負觀的轉變

Japanese competitive judo: Changing notion of ippon victory and defeat

在2021年的東京奧運會上，日本柔道選手高藤直壽藉由佯攻的戰術擊敗臺灣選手楊勇緯獲得金牌，但這樣的獲勝方式是與過往日本柔道常見的一本勝負之作法，有著極大的差異。為探究競技柔道強國日本對一本勝負觀念的轉變，本研究蒐集日本柔道有關一本勝負的相關文本資料，採用文件分析法來探究日本柔道一本勝負觀的變化。本研究發現日本競技柔道一本勝負觀的變化與日本柔道創始人的思維、國際柔聯的強勢主導、日本全柔連在奧運會強烈的奪牌需求等有著密切的關係。隨著時代改變，日本競技柔道一本勝負觀也從柔術實戰中致敵人於死地轉為精神象徵，隨後轉變為一種計分方式，最後淡化為戰術層次。期望本研究能讓臺灣大眾對日本競技柔道的一本勝負觀有更深一層認識，並提供臺灣學術界以及相關單位參考。

At Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games, Japanese judoka Takato Naohisa won the gold medal by defeating Taiwan's Yang Yong-Wei through a feinting tactic. However, the way of winning was very different from the common practice of ippon victory and defeat in Japanese judo in the past. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the notion of ippon victory and defeat in Japanese judo, a powerful nation in the sport. To investigate these changes, textual information on ippon victory and defeat in Japanese judo was collected and analyzed. This study found that the changes in the notion of ippon victory and defeat are closely related to the thinking of the founder of Japanese judo, the strong dominance of the International Judo Federation, and the strong demand for medals in the Olympic Games by the All Japan Judo Federation. With the change of time, the notion of ippon victory and defeat in Japanese competitive judo has changed from killing the enemy in a real fight in jiu-jitsu to a spiritual symbol, then to a way of scoring, and finally downplayed to a tactical level. It is hoped that this study will provide the Taiwanese public with a deeper understanding of the notion of ippon victory and defeat in Japanese judo, and provide a reference for the academic community and related organizations in Taiwan.