奧林匹克舉重之天賦鑑別與發展

Talent Identification and Development in Olympic Weightlifting

舉重是奧林匹克運動會的競技項目，為我國奪牌重點項目。隨著科技進步，運動科學在選材上扮演著重要的角色，尤其是青少年運動員。本文先闡述舉重運動的特殊性，再介紹各國依舉重特殊性所提出之選材內容，以及天賦鑑別與發展系統指標。從舉重運動特殊性與天賦識別與發展的需求發現，不同國家的選材年齡不相同，但都在選材後的2~3年進行專項訓練，且身體能力檢測模式相似；此外，中國大陸與東歐國家是以競賽為主要培訓，並有運動員的等級區分，而美國、加拿大與澳洲不以競賽為主，重視運動員的生涯發展與延續運動生命，更是注重教練的專業知識與運動科學知識，並具備考核。建議舉重專項教練，須具備運動科學知識與專項能力檢測的高階能力，並納入績效考核；對運動員而言，應建立運動科學知識與提倡多方面的運動發展，並引導未達目標的運動員轉職至不同運動領域進行發展。

Weightlifting is a crucial sport in the Olympic Games and holds significant importance for Taiwan's medal prospects. With advancements in technology, sports science has become essential in the identification of talent, particularly among young athletes. This review explores the distinctive characteristics of weightlifting and examines the diverse talent selection criteria utilized by different countries. The analysis focuses on the indicators of talent identification and development systems in the contemporary context. The age at which athletes are selected for specialized training in weightlifting varies globally, but generally, such training begins 2 to 3 years post-identification. Physical capability assessments across countries exhibit similar patterns. Notably, China and Eastern European nations emphasize competition-oriented training and categorize athletes into levels. In contrast, countries like the United States, Canada, and Australia place greater emphasis on career development and athlete longevity over competition. To optimize athlete development, weightlifting coaches should integrate advanced sports science knowledge and specialized performance assessment skills into their evaluations. Athletes are encouraged to build a strong foundation in sports science and pursue multidimensional development. For those who do not achieve their goals, alternative opportunities within the sports domain should be explored.