從民間到宮廷：《古今圖書集成‧降筆部》的編纂價值與意義

From the Folk to the Palace: The Value and Significance of the Compilation of Gujin Tushu Jicheng·Jiangbi Bu

本文考察《集成‧降筆部》中所收輯扶乩記事。降筆部輯錄自唐以來的扶乩記事，可見，其受到編纂方注意。隨扶乩盛行，成為文人閒暇的消遣，故在筆記小說中與日俱增，至明末清初，似已成為文人筆記中不可或缺的母題。今見官修類書，僅《集成》以一個單元選錄不同朝代、書籍記述扶乩。本文關注於〈降筆部〉的編纂意義。文分為三：首先，民間透過扶乩改善生活，透過貞卜解決災禍；其次，文人筆記展露士人對扶乩的質疑與參與目的；第三，明代帝王參與扶乩的意義。以民間、文人、宮廷作為開展，試圖呈現民間術數因文人的參與走入宮廷，「從民間到宮廷」不僅意指扶乩入宮，更是指在文人關注下編纂至皇家類書中，從而體現〈降筆部〉的價值與意義。

The value and significance of the compilation of“Gujin Tushu Jicheng·Jiangbi Bu”. This article examines the records of spirit writing collected in the Jicheng·Jiangbi Bu. The Jiangbi section collects records of spirit writing since the Tang Dynasty, which shows that it has attracted the attention of the compilers. As Fuqi became popular, it became a pastime for scholars in their spare time, so it appeared more and more frequently in notes and novels. By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it seemed to have become an indispensable theme in the notes of scholars. Among the official books compiled to date, only the“Compilation”selects books from different dynasties to record the spirit writing in one unit. This article focuses on the significance of the compilation of the Jiangbi Bu. The article is divided into three parts: first, the common people improved their lives through Fuqi and solved disasters through divination; second, the literati's notes reveal the scholars' doubts about Fuqi and the purpose of their participation; third, the significance of the Ming Dynasty emperors' participation in Fuqi. The exhibition is based on folk, literati and the palace, and attempts to show that folk magic entered the palace due to the participation of literati.“From folk to palace”not only means that the magic entered the palace, but also refers to the compilation into the royal encyclopedia under the attention of literati, thus reflecting the value and significance of“Jiangbi Bu”.